Life at a molecular, cellular and tissue level definitions

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

The molecule of heredity and contains information of inheritance that controls the activity of the cell; the polymer of nucleotides

Question 2

STR

Answer 2

a short sequence of DNA that is repeated a variabke number of times

Question 3

mRNA

Answer 3

a copy of the gene that needs to be made into a protein. It has codons – 3 bases that code for an amino acid

Question 4

rRNA

Answer 4

RNA that makes up the ribosome

Question 5

Mutations

Answer 5

a change in the base sequence of the DNA of an organism

Question 6

gene mutation

Answer 6

alteration in the genetic code of an organism

Question 7

Chromosomal mutation

Answer 7

1 too many/too few chromosomes, they occur due to mistakes in meiosis

Question 8

Somatic mutation (could be chromosomal or not)

Answer 8

A mutation that has occurred in a body cell

Question 9

Germline mutation

Answer 9

A mutation that has occurred in sex cells (ovum/sperm) or gametes

Question 10

Mutagen

Answer 10

An agent or chemical that causes mutrations (sunlight, smoking, viruses…)

Question 11

Meiosis

Answer 11

cell division which occurs in the testes and ovaries in animals and the ovary and and anther in flowering plants and produces haploid cells/gametes.