Genetic Engineering définitions Flashcards
Genetic Engineering
Changing/altering the genes/genome of an organism
Recombinant DNA Technology
a form of biotechnology used to introduce new beneficial genes into an organism to create a genetically modified organism
Transgenic organism
a genetically modified organism that has a gene inserted from another organism. This is called a transgene.
genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
an organism that has gene inserted or inactivated in their genome
Biotechnology
procedures used in altering the genome of an individual in order to benefit humans or the environment
Vector
a tool (eg. Viruses, bacterial plasmids and yeast plasmids) that delivers genes into the target organism
Gene therapy
an experimental genetic engineering technique that replaces a faulty gene or adds a new gene in an attempt to cure disease or improve the body’s ability to fight disease
Recombinant DNA
a form of DNA that does not exist naturally but is created by combining DNA sequences that would not normally occur together
Sélective Breeding
choosing plants with désirable traits and breeding them over many generations to produce offspring with these desirable characteristics
Plant tissue culture
the growth of small amounts of plant tissue or cells in an artificial medium separate from the organism, usually facilitated by a liquid, semi-solid or solid growth medium (eg,. Broth or agar)
Polyploid
a condition of having more than 2 basic copies of chromosomes. It may occur through hybridization between 2 species, resulting in a new species which makes it very important in evolution.
Cloning
The process used to create an exact genetic copy of another gene, cell tissue or organism
plasmids
Small circular DNA Molécules used as a vector to transfer DNA from one organism to another
