Liek

Question 1

Systematic reviews offer the highest level of evidence

Answer 1

Meta-analyses

Question 2

Used to investigate risk factors and causes of disease.

example of a cohort study is the Framingham Study

Answer 2

Cohort study

Question 3

The lowest form of evidence

Answer 3

Randomized controlled trial

Question 4

Have additional protections as human subjects, they are prisoners, pregnant women, fetuses and children and those with intellectual disability

Answer 4

Vulnerable populations

Question 5

Have additional protections as human subjects, they are prisoners, pregnant women, fetuses and children and those with intellectual disability

Answer 5

Vulnerable populations

Question 6

Involves methods to avoid occurrence of disease in the general population.

Answer 6

Primary prevention

Question 7

Involves screening, diagnosis, and treatment of existing disease in early stages before it causes significant morbidity.

Answer 7

Secondary prevention

Question 8

Involves methods to reduce the negative impact of an existing disease by restoring function and reducing disease-related complications.

Answer 8

Tertiary prevention

Question 9

Screening is not currently recommended for the general population.

Answer 9

Lung cancer

Question 10

Believe that illness is punishment by the spirits for wrong actions or from failure to follow spiritual rules.

Answer 10

Native Americans

Question 11

Shamans “cure” the illness by performing rituals and using herbal medicines.

Answer 11

Native Americans

Question 12

Medicine pouches that are tied to the patient by a string are believed to help cure the illness.

Answer 12

Native Americans

Question 13

Do not remove such pouches without the patient’s (or parent’s) permission.

Answer 13

Native Americans

Question 14

Indicates a diseased or affected female.

Answer 14

Filled-in circle

Question 15

Indicates a healthy female.

Answer 15

Empty circle

Question 16

Uses an intervention the human subjects are recruited by convenience and not at random (as in an experimental study).

Answer 16

Quasi-experimental design

Question 17

Symbol is N

Answer 17

“total population”

Question 18

Symbol is n

Answer 18

“subpopulation”

Question 19

Will cover claims only if the NP is still enrolled with the same insurance company at the time the claim is filed in court.

Answer 19

Claims-based malpractice insurance

Question 20

Will cover a lawsuit in the future even if you no longer carry the policy so long as you had an active policy during the alleged incident.

Answer 20

Occurrence-type malpractice insurance

Question 21

It is the systematic organizational process used to identify risky practices to minimize adverse patient outcomes and corporate liability

Answer 21

Risk management

Question 22

Modified or partial physical exam

Answer 22

Muslim woman

Question 23

Do not accept blood transfusions (including autologous) but some may accept blood components without RBCs (cryoprecipitate, immunoglobins, etc.).

Answer 23

Jehovah’s Witnesses

Question 24

Prolonged direct eye contact with males or strangers is considered rude by some cultures

Answer 24

Asians, female Muslim

Question 25

Muslim holiday that lasts for 30 days. Both fluids and food are forbidden from sunrise to sunset.

Answer 25

Ramadan

Question 26

May refuse to touch anything powered by electricity (e.g., light switch, call light, electronic pumps, cell phones) from sunset Friday to sunset Saturday (Sabbath).

Answer 26

Orthodox Jewish

Question 27

Do not schedule visits during the Sabbath. If you call at this time, observant patients will not answer the phone.

Answer 27

Orthodox Jewish

Question 28

(original study that produced the data).

Answer 28

Primary data

Question 29

Use randomization with subject selection.

Answer 29

Experimental studies

Question 30

Search for relationships between a minimum of two variables.

Answer 30

Correlational studies

Question 31

May only be given by individuals who are aged 18 years or older.

Answer 31

Consent

Question 32

A minor (who is not emancipated) as young as the age of 7 years up to age 17 years.

Answer 32

Assent to participate

Question 33

• Variable that is being manipulated and is used to influence the dependent variable.
• In experimental studies, the researcher has control over the independent variable.

Answer 33

Independent variable

Question 34

This is the result of the manipulation of the independent variable.

Answer 34

Dependent variable

Question 35

Manipulation by researcher

Answer 35

Independent variable e.g.

Question 36

Allows a response to manipulation that can be observed and measured

Answer 36

Dependent variable e.g.

Question 37

Refers to infant deaths per 100,000 live births

1 out of 12 months

Answer 37

Infant Mortality