Licht: CNS Stimulants Flashcards
What are the CNS effects of sympathomimetics?
Behavioral:
- Decreased fatigue
- Increased: Wakefulness, confidence, motor/speech, speed in simple tasks
* hi doeses leads to restlessess/tremor
Other
- Stimulates medullary and respiratory centers
- Decrease food consumption
What are the non-CNS effects of sympathomimetics?
Non-CNS
- Increase systolic and diatstolic BP > decreased HR
- High dose > arrythmias
What do sympathomimetics do?
- Increase release of NE and DA
- Blocks NE and DA reuptake
- Inhibit MAO
What are the toxic affects of amphetamine?
Acute
CVS: HA, arrthymias, palpitations, anginal pain, hypterthermia
CNS: Dizziness, agitation, confusion, insomnia, seizures, coma
What is the treatment for acute toxicity or amphetamine overdose?
- Antipsychoctic
- Acidify the pts urine!
Giving htem ammonium chloride takes the urine from pH 5-2. Amphetamines are BASES. You give them an acid to IONIZE the drug so it CAN’T cross the plasma membrane and instead is secreted by urine.
What are the chronic toxic affects of amphetamines?
- Vivid hallucinations, paranoid delusions, compulsions
- marked weight loss
tx: Drug screen, symptoms usually resolve in 7-10 days
How are sympathomimetics therapeutically used?
Good uses:
ADHD, Narcolepsy
Bad uses:
Fatigue, weight loss, Analeptic
Which is more potent, cocaine or Amphetamine?
Cocaine!
1 mg cocaine = 10 mg amphetamine
What is the mechanism of Cocaine?
Blocks reuptake of NE- motor
Blocks reuptake of DA- euphoria
ALSO has local anesthetic properties
What are the toxic effects of cocaine?
- Cardia arrhythmias, coronary/cerebral thrombosis
- Impairs in utero brain development–> small brain and neurological problems
How is MMDA unique and unliek other amphetamines?
It has VERY rapid entry into the brain.
DIRECTLY stimulates 5HT2 autoreceptors
Stimulates the release of 5HT and inhibits reuptake.
Direclty affets other NTs like: histamine, GABA, ACh, DA receptors, binds to NE transport protein
What is the mechanism of MMDA (ecstasy)?
Stimulates release and inhibits uptake of:
E
NE
DA
What are bath salts?
Salts you commonly used in a bath!
Contain amphetamine-like chemicals: methylendioypyrovalerone, mephedrone (not DEA regulated drugs)
Why are bath salts bad?
They act in the brain like stimulant drugs!
Used as cocaine substitutes and present a high abuse and addiction liability.
AE: Chest pains, increased BP and HR, agitation, hallucinations, extreme paranoia, delusions
What are CNS efects for methylxanthines?
Stimulate the **cerebral cortex! **
Clear flow of thought, less fatigue, improved manual dexterity.
Stimulates the medullary centers–> increased respiration, and activates the vasomotor centetr.
Large doses–> spinal cord
