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Christianity 9 > Liberation Theology and Marxism > Flashcards

Liberation Theology and Marxism Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘capitalism’

A

An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit

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2
Q

Who is Adam Smith and what did he believe?

A

The founder of modern economics and capitalism who believed that the ‘invisible hand’ would guide a capitalist economy

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3
Q

Give a quote from Milton Friedman

A

“It is the most effective system… to enable people who hate each other to deal with one another”

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4
Q

What did Karl Marx believe the biggest societal problem is and how can it be resolved?

A

Human history is based on the struggle of the class system but this would disappear by the rise of the proletariat

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5
Q

Define ‘exploitation’

A

Treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work or resources

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6
Q

Define ‘allienation’

A

The process of becoming detached or isolated

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7
Q

Define ‘conscientisation’

A

The process by which a person becomes conscious of the power structures of society

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8
Q

Define ‘structural sin’

A

The idea that sin is not just a personal action but something brought about through unjust organisations and social structures

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9
Q

What is the ‘Preferential option for the poor

A

Jesus Christ stood in solidarity with the poor and related himself to them most and this should be the example of the Church

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10
Q

Give a quote from Karl Marx in relation to alienation

A

“Workers of the world unite, you have nothing to lose but your chains”

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11
Q

How does Marx believe people find their worth? How was this impeded during the industrial revolution?

A

In what they make and work but people were treated like ‘cogs in a machine’ and could not afford to but the things they made nor saw the final product

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12
Q

Why does capitalism make work insecure?

A

Workers can be let go when profits drop or replaced by technology

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13
Q

What does ‘primitive accumulation’ mean?

A

‘Profit’ is just a term used to hide exploitation so workers are paid as little as possible for those to gain money at the top of the chain

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14
Q

Where do the problems of the ‘capitalism crisis’ originate from? How can this be solved?

A

Over-production because the capitalist system is unstable resolved by a redistribution of wealth

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15
Q

Define ‘commodity fetishism’

A

Capitalism dissolves relationships for love and honesty and makes them orientate around economic benefit

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16
Q

What is Marx’s communist manifesto? (4)

A
  • No private property or inherited wealth
  • Steeply graduated income tax
  • Centralised control of banking and transport
  • Free public education
17
Q

Give a quote from Marx’ communist manifesto

A

“The history of all hitherto societies is the history of class conflict”

18
Q

What did Marx believe about religion?

A

Spiritual beliefs act as painkillers to deep-rooted problems of society

19
Q

How was early Christianity deemed communist?

A

Members of Christianity communities would have to give up possessions to be shared by the whole group

20
Q

How did the early introduction of liberation theology affect the Church?

A

Leaders saw injustice, corruption and a lack of rights. The official line of the Church didn’t adopt Marxism but in recent years has had some sympathy from the Vatican

21
Q

Define ‘orthoproxy’ and ‘orthodoxy’

A

P - right practice

D - right belief

22
Q

Finish the quote by Gutierrez “The growth of the Kingdom…

A

Is a process which occurs historically in liberation insofar as liberation means a greater fulfilment of man”

23
Q

In what two ways does Gutierrez believe liberation happens?

A

Socially and economically

24
Q

How does Gutierrez believe liberation happens?

A
  • Socio-political liberation should come before liberation from sin
  • People must take responsibility and reconcile and then liberate from sin
  • Societal sin is in the works of harmful societal practises
25
Q

Finish the quote by Juan Segundo “Liberation is first…

A

Liberation from the radical slavery of sin”

26
Q

Quote Matthew 19:24

A

“It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the Kingdom of God”

27
Q

What are ‘Basic Christian communities’?

A

Groups for Christians to talk about their experiences and challenges to search together for solutions in the Gospel

28
Q

Describe the beliefs of Gutierrez

A
  • People of Latin America have a deep-rooted desire for liberation from capitalism but not every aspect of Marxism should be endorsed
  • Christians should involve in politics otherwise things won’t change
  • Responsibility of the Church to denounce demoralising situations
  • Working to change lives comes before the official doctrines of the Church
29
Q

Describe the beliefs of Juan Segundo

A
  • Christians should not be neutral in unjust situations
  • Human dignity comes from being made in the image of God as a liberator of the poor
  • Liberation from sin should take priority
30
Q

Describe the beliefs of John Paul the second (poverty)

A
  • Advancements for the poor allows for moral, cultural and economic growth for all of humanity
  • Preferential option for the poor includes spiritual poverty caused by consumerism
31
Q

Describe the beliefs of Cardinal Ratzinger

A
  • Dangerous to use Marxism as he denies individual worth
  • Marxism is a perversion of the message of the Eucharist
  • Spiritual liberation should be priority
  • Only God can remove suffering
32
Q

Describe the beliefs of Bonaventure Kloppenburg

A
  • Personal sin should take priority because Jesus was most concerned with individual forgiveness
  • Liberation cannot be achieved as salvation is a gift from God
33
Q

Describe the beliefs of Leonardo Boff

A
  • Liberation should be founded in the gospel so Marxism can never be central to Christianity
  • Marxism is closed and monolithic denying human dignity
34
Q

Describe the beliefs of Jose Miranda

A
  • Marxism rejects economic and historic disciplines

- Both Marxism and Christianity both serve for change

35
Q

Why does Denys Turner believe liberation theology should embrace an apophatic language

A

If theology rejects language of confirmation then Marxism would lose its atheist language of denial

36
Q

Why does the Roman Catholic Church oppose Marxism?

A
  • Atheist
  • Value should be on the individual not the society
  • Gospel claims liberation happens by God and not during life
  • Marx is only concerned with economic oppression
37
Q

How did priests protest during the South American struggles of 1960/70s?

A

Took off their collars

Christianity 9 (11 decks)

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