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Christianity 9 > Gender and society > Flashcards

Gender and society Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘feminism’

A

Term given to a range of views in favour of equality for women

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2
Q

Define ‘gender biology’

A

The physical characteristics that identify someone as male or female

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3
Q

Define ‘gender identification’

A

The way people perceive themselves as male, female or neither

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4
Q

Define ‘gender expression’

A

The ways in which people behave as a result of their gender identification

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5
Q

Define ‘patriarchal society’

A

A society dominated by male interests

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6
Q

Why is ‘gender’ a complex concept?

A

It refers to the relationship between someone’s physical characteristics, their perception and their behaviour, it does not define their sexuality, some babies are born with ambiguous sex

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7
Q

Give an example of gender roles by socialisation

A

Gender reveal parties and toy stores separating boy and girl toys by theme and colour

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8
Q

Give an example of patriarchy in politics

A

Rwanda - only country to allow over 50% of seats in government to be allocated to women
USA - 23% women in cabinet

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9
Q

What arguments make the basis for patriarchy?

A

Men are rational whereas women are emotional

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10
Q

What was the name and aim of Mary Wollstonecraft’s book?

A

‘A vindiction of the rights of women’ 1792 to promote women’s education
- One of the first feminist movements

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11
Q

Describe first wave feminism

A

Movement for women’s right to vote in the late 19th century

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12
Q

Describe second wave feminism

A

1960s including sexual health, contraception, abortion, domestic violence, rape and equality in the workplace

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13
Q

Describe third wave feminism

A

1990s-now questions the entire notion of gender roles and equality for women

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14
Q

1928 legislation

A

Women could vote with equal footing to men in the UK

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15
Q

1974 legislation

A

Prescription of the pill allowed to all women and not just those already married with children over the age of 30

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16
Q

1967 legislation

A

Abortion was legalised

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17
Q

1970 legislation

A

Women were legally entitled to equal pay

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18
Q

1965 French legislation

A

Women were allowed to be employed without the consent of their husband

19
Q

Define liberal feminism

A

Seeks equality by campaigning for change

20
Q

Define radical feminism

A

Advocates a total uprooting and rebuild of society to liberate from patriarchy

21
Q

Define marxist feminism

A

Women’s oppression is a symptom of privatisation of production means

22
Q

Define black, post-colonial and indigenous feminism

A

Giving women voices in cultural contexts

23
Q

Define ecofeminism

A

Connection between women and nature placing environmental damage on patriarchy

24
Q

Define separatist feminism

A

Freedom through isolation and promotion of homosexualism

25
Q

Describe Plato’s views on equality

A

Women are inferior because they are second generation of failed men from a previous life
“Only males are created directly by the gods and given souls”

26
Q

Describe Aristotle’s views on equality

A

Women are naturally inferior because they are receivers of men’s life giving force and so they are defective and passive in reproduction

27
Q

Describe Aquinas’ views on equality

A

Women are inferior in strength and intelligence because God created them inferior e.g. Eve’s sin is not solely responsible but there is a high place in Heaven for women

28
Q

What mainstream Christian teachings support gender equality?

A

Equal in worth but have different roles but some Christian denominations prohibit women from being priests and representatives of Christ because Jesus chose only male disciples

29
Q

Why does Daly believe women are superior to men?

A

Their knowledge and abilities are superior and if women were allowed to govern the world would be more peaceful

30
Q

Why do some believe that gender is a choice?

A
  • Women can show male qualities just as men show female attributes
  • Cultural norms are not intuitive
  • ‘Binary’ shows gender as a spectrum and choice
31
Q

Give a quote from Genesis 2:20-2:22

A

“God made woman from a rib he had taken out of the man and he brought her to the man”

32
Q

What happens in Genesis 3:1-6?

A

Eve takes the apple from the garden of Eden showing a woman’s weaker will even though Adam ate it

33
Q

Give a quote from Ephiseans 5:22

A

“Wives submit to your husbands as you do to the Lord”

- The husband should in return love his wife as Christ loved the Church and for her be self-sacrificing

34
Q

Describe Pope John Paul’s beliefs about motherhood

A

Wrote an open letter in 1988 on dignity and women’s rights called ‘Mulieris Dignitatum’ to clarify the Catholic’s position on issues raised by feminism, he said “Motherhood is the fruit of marriage” and it is the fulfilment of female personality

35
Q

Why did Pope John Paul believe motherhood is the fulfilment of a woman?

A

A woman’s personality is more capable of tending to others than a man, women safeguard the message of God due to Mary’s obedience every human comes through the threshold of motherhood, women also cope better with pain

36
Q

How do sociologists define ‘family’?

A

A social unit that provides protection and socialisation for its members

37
Q

What does the Catholic Church teach about marriage?

A

A sacrament (outward sign of God’s grace) and cannot be undone but they recognise it may fail but cannot divorce, they don’t insist married couples live together but they cannot marry new partners in the Church

38
Q

What are the divided views of homosexuals within the Christian Churches?

A
  • unnatural
  • support rights but not sam-sex marriage
  • all love comes from God
39
Q

Why do some Christian denominations believe homosexuality deprives children?

A

Destablish and deprive children of security and clear gender roles and established hierarchy

40
Q

How is agape sometimes used to oppose Christian tradition?

A

Christians need to acknowledge the challenges of traditional gender roles and so agape is used to give Christians the duty of make society fairer

41
Q

What is controversial about Christianity adapting its traditions?

A

It should to appeal to younger generations to fit with secularism but a non-distinctive religion is not worth following

42
Q

What are Simone de Beauvoir’s views of motherhood?

A

Forces a woman to suspend her own interests and personality as motherhood is forced upon them and so restricting

43
Q

What are Ann Oakley’s views of motherhood?

A

There is no such thing as a maternal instinct, this is a product of socialisation. She published work from interviews with mothers to evaluate its restriction

Christianity 9 (11 decks)

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