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AS British History > Liberals and Social and Constitutional Reform > Flashcards

Liberals and Social and Constitutional Reform Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the Liberals originally?

A

A coalition of various parties which came together in 1859

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2
Q

What were the features of Traditional Liberalism?

A

Minimum government intervention
Strict control of government spending
Minimum taxation
Indvidual responsibility

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3
Q

What were the features of New Liberalism?

A

Greater government intervention
Increased government spending on social reform
Increased taxation on wealthy
Emphasis on collective responsibility

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4
Q

What evidence of poverty was there in the early 20th century

A

Rowntree Survey 1901

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5
Q

Why was poverty a concern for the Liberals

A

It reduced national efficiency

The new liberals were generally concerned with social reform

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6
Q

What did the Liberal government, 1906-14, do to help children?

A

Free school meals (1906)- Local councils were given the power to provide free meals for children from the poorest families
School medical inspections (1907)- Doctors and nurses went into schools to give pupils compulsory medical checks and recommend treatment
The Children’s Act (1908)- Gave children rights
School clinics (1912)- Set up free medical treatment for children

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7
Q

What were the limitations of free school meals (1906)?

A

Providing school meals was not compulsory and less than half the country was providing meals

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8
Q

What were the limitations of school medical inspections (1907)?

A

Many LEAs didn’t carry it out (2)

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9
Q

What were the limitations of the children’s act (1908)

A

There was some new legislation but it mainly expanded old laws

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10
Q

What did the Liberals, 1906-14, do to help the old?

A

The 1908 Pensions Act- provided a pension of five shillings a week for single persons and 7s and 6d for a married couple

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11
Q

What was the strength of the Old Age pensions act?

A

It was non contributory meaning everyone could have it

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12
Q

What were the limitations of the 1908 Pensions Act?

A

Only paid to elderly poor
Pension was based on a sliding scale according to income
Pensioners had to be of “good character”

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13
Q

Which act brought Free School meals?

A

1906 Education Act

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14
Q

What did the central government provide in regards to free school meals?

A

Subsidies

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15
Q

What were some Edwardian social reforms?

A

Free School Meals
Old Age Pensions
National Insurance
People’s Budget

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16
Q

When were old age pensions brought about?

A

1908

17
Q

What were the conditions of the old age pensions?

A

Had to be over 70
Couldn’t earn over £21 per year
Had to be of moral standard

18
Q

What were the two parts of the national insurance?

A

The part which helped the sick and unemployed

19
Q

Who qualified for national insurance?

A

16-60 year olds

20
Q

How long could you claim national insurance?

A

13 weeks

21
Q

What was the People’s Budget?

A

A budget which proposed changes in taxation to fund social reform

22
Q

What did Fraser propose about the Edwardian Social Reforms?

A

They were the foundation stones of a modern welfare state

23
Q

What was a similarity between the parties over social reform?

A

There was a general consensus for it

24
Q

How long did National Insurance last?

A

13 Weeks

25
Q

How was National Insurance funded?

A

It was a contributory scheme

26
Q

What were the motives for Liberal Social Reform?

A

A genuine concern about poverty
Pressure from Labour
National efficiency
Political expediency- the need to win votes

27
Q

What did the philosophical base of New Liberalism dictate?

A

Social reform was necessary in order for the individual to achieve freedom

28
Q

Which leading Liberal figures were followers of New Liberalism?

A

Lloyd George and Winston Churchill

29
Q

What evidence supported New Liberalism?

A

Rowntree Survey 1901

30
Q

What was there a broad general consensus for in Britain in 1900?

A

Social Reform

31
Q

What had Labour been doing since 1903?

A

Pressuring the Liberals

32
Q

How free school meals were provided each year?

A

14 million

AS British History (5 decks)

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