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Politics > Liberalism (In progress) > Flashcards

Liberalism (In progress) Flashcards

In progress

1
Q

Define Liberalism

A

A political idology stressing a commitment to the individual and a disire to construct a society that allows people to satisfy their interests and feel fufilled

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2
Q

Define individualism

A

The idea that individuals are unique and more important than a collective body. People should therefore be free

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3
Q

Define freedom

A

People should be free to think and act as they wish

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4
Q

Define reason

In the context of Liberalism

A

Humans are naturally reasonable and able to make rational decisions. Humans usually learn from their mistakes

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5
Q

Explain the core idea of Justice

A

Liberals believe in legal/political equality. Every one is seen as being born with equal worth but social equality is undisirable as people have different talents and effort rates. Therefore they believe in a meritocracy (rewades people based on intellegence/effort)

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6
Q

Explain the core idea of tolerance

A

‘I detest what you have to say but will defend to the death your right to say it’- Voltaire

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7
Q

What do Classical Liberals believe in?

A
  • Minimal state
  • Free market economics
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8
Q

Egotistical individualism

Explain the core idea of classical liberalism

A

People are self interested and only come together for thier own self interest

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9
Q

What is Negative Freedom?

A

People being left alone to be free to explore their own self interest with a minimal state and a lack of external constraints

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10
Q

Does Negative Freedom refer to classical or modern liberalism?

A

Classical liberalism

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11
Q

Natural rights

Explain the core idea of classical liberalism

A

Humans have certain rights just for being human that cannot be taken away

Locke: ‘life ,liberty and property’

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12
Q

What economic policy are favoured by classical liberals?

A

Laissez-faire economics

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13
Q

Who said: ‘The economy works best when left alone’?

A

Adam Smith

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14
Q

‘Look not to parliament, look to yourselves’

Which classical liberalism core idea is described by this?

A

Social darwinism

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15
Q

What event in Europe did Liberalism emerge out of?

A

The Breakdown of feudalism

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16
Q

Which century is considered classical liberalism’s heyday?

A

19th Century

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17
Q

In what ways was liberalism radical in its early days?

A

It reflected the growing aspirations of the middle class who clashed with aristocrats/monarchs

18
Q

Is John Locke considered a classical or modern liberal?

A

Classical

19
Q

What essay regarding tolerance was written by John Locke?

A

A letter concerning Toleration

20
Q

Who wrote ‘A Letter Concerning Toleration’?

A

John Locke

21
Q

What in regards to religion was stated by ‘A Letter Concerning Toleration’

A

The state should not get involved in religion

Toleration of different religions would calm fears that Catholicism might take over England

22
Q

Recite the famous qoute on natural rights by John Locke?

A

Every Human is entitiled to life, liberty and property

23
Q

How do Liberals jusfify the state dispite it’s imapct on the freedom of individuals?

A

Social Contract

24
Q

What did Locke say there was before the state?

A

A ‘state of nature’ where everyone does what they want

25
Q

What do liberals believe people get in return for obeying the law?

A

Security

26
Q

Was JS Mill a Classical or Modern liberal?

A

Classical

27
Q

What was JS Mill’s view on Toleration?

A

He was interested in the truth and wanted people to debate and justify their arguments

28
Q

What did JS Mill say about correct ideas?

A

They will eventually rise to the top

29
Q

What is a dead dogma?

A

An accepeted truth that has never been questioned

“Put under the microscope”

30
Q

Name as many key ideas of Liberalism as you can :)

(There are 5)

A
  • Reason
  • Human nature
  • Indvidualism
  • Justice
  • Freedom
  • Tolerence

Record the number correct below

31
Q

Name the 3 iseas of classical liberalism

A
  • Natural rights
  • Economic liberalsim
  • Social Darwinism

1 correct- 2 2correct- 3/4 3correct- 5

32
Q

Why does JS Mill feel that people should be tolerant of different ideas?

A

In order to protect ‘dead dogma’
Everyone is unique
Truth comes from clashes of opinion

33
Q

Who differenciated between the Public and Private sphere in Liberalism?

A

John Locke

34
Q

Who said ‘the state has no right to meddle in the care of ones soul’?

A

John Locke

35
Q

What is foundational equality?

A

The idea that all people are born with equal worth

36
Q

What is another name for Modern Liberalism?

A

20th Century Liberalsim

37
Q

Did Modern Liberalsim emerge in the aftermath or during industiralisation?

A

Aftermath

38
Q

Did Classical Liberalsim emerge in the aftermath or during industiralisation?

A

During

39
Q

Which centruy, is considered ‘the time for the welfare state’?

A

20th century

40
Q

Did Modern Liberals argue for an interventionalist or a Lassiez-faire state?

A

Interventionalist

41
Q

True or False

The minimal state had produced a socially just society

A

False

42
Q

During industrialisation, were the working class seen to be disadvantaged?

A

Yes

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