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Part one: The Sixties > Liberalising Reforming Legislation > Flashcards

Liberalising Reforming Legislation Flashcards

Info that is on the specification

1
Q

What was the labour government’s initial stance on liberal reforms?

A

did not set out with a liberalising agenda

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2
Q

What were most labour leader’s stance on moral issues?

A

more conservative views

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3
Q

How were laws passed that were in relation to moral issues?

A

a free vote

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4
Q

What is a free vote?

A

MPs having an individual votes rather than voting based on overall beliefs of the party they belong to

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5
Q

What was the purpose of a private members’ bill?

A

to have backbench MPs propose legislation

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6
Q

When did discussions about getting rid of the death penalty begin?

A

1950s

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7
Q

What significant event happened in 1955 which gave the anti-hanging campaign a significant boost?

A

Ruth Ellis

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8
Q

How did the conservatives previously deal with the increasing opposition to the death penalty?

A

reduced the amount it was used in 1957

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9
Q

What labour backbencher lead the anti-hanging campaign within parliament?

A

Sydney Silverman

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10
Q

What did Silverman aim for?

A

total abolition of the death penalty

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11
Q

When was the first free vote held?

A

1965

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12
Q

What did the free vote result in?

A

abolition of the death penalty for a trial period of 5 years

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13
Q

When was the second free vote?

A

1969

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14
Q

What was the result of the second free vote?

A

abolition made permanent

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15
Q

What did Jenkins contribute to the internal prison system?

A

did not authorise the beating of prisoners - ceased after 1967

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16
Q

How did Jenkins change the chance of getting a guilty verdict in court?

A

he removed the need for unanimity and introduced majority votes

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17
Q

What was the system of getting a divorce like in the early 1960s?

A
  • almost impossible for those in the lower classes
  • needed evidence that one party committed adultery
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18
Q

What act was passed in relation to divorce?

A

Divorce Reform Act - 1969

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19
Q

What did this divorce act allow?

A

a no fault divorce

20
Q

What were the conditions of a no fault divorce?

A

1- living apart 2 years and both partners wish for a divorce
2- living apart 5 years and only one partner wishes for the divorce

21
Q

What was the impact of the introduction of this divorce reform?

A

huge increase in number of divorces
- 1950s - 2 in 1000
- mid 1970s - 10 in 1000

22
Q

What year was abortion illegal up until?

A

1967

23
Q

How were abortions performed when it was illegal?

A
  • private clinics (for the wealthy)
  • backstreet abortions
24
Q

How many illegal abortions were performed each year?

A

between 100,000 and 200,000

25
Q

How had abortions been campaigned for in the past?

A

Abortions Law Reform Association campaigned in 1945

26
Q

Who led the abortion reform into parliament?

A

David Steel

27
Q

What act was passed in regards to abortion?

A

Abortion Act - 1967

28
Q

What were the terms of the abortion act?

A
  • only first 28 weeks
  • medical supervision needed
  • written consent from 2 doctors
29
Q

How were homosexual acts dealt with up until the 1960s?

A

men could be imprisoned for 2 years for participating in homosexual acts

30
Q

Who took up the case of homosexual rights?

A

Leo Abse

31
Q

What were the terms of the Sexual Offences act?

A
  • both partners had to consent
  • both partners had to be over the age of 21
  • had to be in private
31
Q

What act was passed in regards to homosexuality?

A

The Sexual Offences Act - 1967

32
Q

What was the issues with the fact that homosexual practices could only be in private?

A

‘in private’ was interpreted as no one else in the building - so a nearly impossible feat

33
Q

What type of education system had Britain being using?

A

Tripartite system

34
Q

Why did people have issues with the tripartite system?

A

it was seen as socially divisive

35
Q

What new type of school was introduced?

A

Comprehensive schools

36
Q

What was the purpose of a comprehensive school?

A

so that pupils could learn at their pace and be tested on their strengths

37
Q

How many students attended comprehensive schools in 1964?

A

1 in 10

38
Q

How many comprehensive schools were there by 1974?

A

1145

39
Q

Who was put in charge of the new schools?

A

Tony Crossland

40
Q

How did Crossland affect the new comprehensive schools?

A

his support sped up the production of comprehensive schools

41
Q

How did higher education change?

A

more focus on science and technology rather than arts based subjects

42
Q

What types of schools replaced colleges of technology?

A

poly-technics

43
Q

What type of university was created?

A

The Open University

44
Q

What was the purpose of the open university?

A

to allow women and the disadvantaged education

45
Q

Who was put in charge of open universities?

A

Jennie Lee

Part one: The Sixties (8 decks)

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