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A-Level Product Design > LH > Flashcards

LH Flashcards

1
Q

Name 5 Polymers?

A

High Density Polymer, Low Density Polymer , PLA (used for 3D printing), Polyester, Polypropylene and Epoxy Resin

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2
Q

Name 5 Polymers?

A

High Density Polymer, Low Density Polymer , PLA (used for 3D printing), Polyester, Polypropylene and Epoxy Resin

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3
Q

What is a Mechanical Property?

A

Materials which are displayed to external force

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4
Q

Name the 4 main Mechanical Properties?

A

Toughness, Flexibility, Elasticity, Mouldability

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5
Q

What is a Mechanical Property?

A

Materials which are displayed to external force

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6
Q

Name the 4 main Mechanical Properties?

A

Toughness, Flexibility, Elasticity, Mouldability

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7
Q

Name the 4 main Mechanical Properties?

A

Toughness, Flexibility, Elasticity, Mouldability

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8
Q

Define Toughness?

A

The ability to absorb energy and deform plasticly without cracking

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9
Q

Define Flexibility?

A

The ability to be bent or folded without breaking

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10
Q

Define Elasticity?

A

A materials resistance to distortion and ability to return to its original shape

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11
Q

Define Mouldability?

A

The ability to be shaped into a form or mould into a shape.

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12
Q

Give an example of Toughness in a product?

A

Cycle helmet, car bumpers

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13
Q

Give an example of Flexibility in a product?

A

Thermoplastics, plastic tub lid, Flexible PVC Sheet

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14
Q

Give an example of elasticity in a product?

A

Inflatable life jacket, inflatable beech ball, Balloon

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15
Q

Give an example of Mouldability in a product?

A

Mouth guard, thermosetting products

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16
Q

What is Stiffness?

A

A measure of how rigid a material is

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17
Q

What is Vacuum forming?

A

The simplest type of Plastic Thermoforming that uses one mold and vacuum to pressure to obtain the desired size.

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18
Q

Give a Physical Properties Definition?

A

The Measurable characteristics of a product.

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19
Q

Give an example of a Physical Property measuring value commonly used?

A

Melting point (*c).

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20
Q

What are the 7 main Physical properties?

A

Thermal Insulation, Selft Finishing, UV resistance, Melting points, Transparency and Translucency, Resistance to chemicals and liquids,

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21
Q

What is Thermal resistance?

A

Reduces heat transfer, especially between objects and people.

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22
Q

Give an example of thermal resistance materials?

A

Beechwood and Fiberglass.

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23
Q

Name a Thermal insulating products?

A

Sauce Pan handles and kitchen utensils.

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24
Q

What is Electrical insulation?

A

A material that does not allow electricity to flow freely through it.

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25
Q

What is a great electrical insulator?

A

Polymers are used to make casing and shielding in electrical products.

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26
Q

What is Melting points?

A

The temperature at which a material changes state from solid to liquid.

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27
Q

What happens to Thermoplastics at high temperatures?

A

They become soft and can be shaped/moulded.

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28
Q

What happens to Thermosetting Plastics at high temperatures?

A

Thermosetting plastics generally have high melting points, they don’t melt but they do start to decompose and char.

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29
Q

What is UV resistance?

A

Ability to withstand UV radiation.

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30
Q

Give a Thermoplastics product?

A

Mouth guard

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31
Q

How are polymers effected by UV radiation?

A

UV bleeches plastics and turns it brittle effecting the polymers mechanical properties.

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32
Q

What is a product that uses UV resistance?

A

Garden Furniture

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33
Q

Name a polymer which is UV resistant?

A

ABS Polymer

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34
Q

What is Resistant to chemicals?

A

Some Polymers are selected for their chemical resistance.

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35
Q

Name a polymer resistant to chemicals?

A

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

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36
Q

What is HDPE used to manufacture?

A

Bleach bottles and chemically resistant piping.

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37
Q

Where is High Density Polyethylene used?

A

Used to line landfill sites.

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38
Q

Explain the difference between Transparency and Translucency?

A

Transparency = You can see through an object as light passes through it giving of a clear appearance to the object.

Translucency = Only some light is let through therefore you can still see through an object although unlike Transparency we can’t see clearly through it.

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39
Q

What is Transparency?

A

Transparency = You can see through an object as light passes through it giving of a clear appearance to the object.

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40
Q

What is Translucency?

A

Translucency = Only some light is let through therefore you can still see through an object although unlike Transparency we can’t see clearly through it.

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41
Q

Many Polymers are flexible and can be used to form hinges. Explain one disadvantage of using polymers to make hinges?

A

Although polymers can be used to make hinges after a while these hinges will wear down after the constant mechanical usage which may result in them not being as flexible and result in them breaking.

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42
Q

Explain one advantage of using polymers to make hinges?

A

Cheaper material to use than metal, more environmentally friendly.

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43
Q

What does Fire retardant do?

A

Reduces the risk of fire/reduced flammability/ reduces toxic fumes when burnt.

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44
Q

What does Kevlar do?

A

Commonly know as Bullet proof and knife proof material/ To reduce the risk of being injured against a bullet or blade.

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45
Q

What does Water resistance do?

A

To protect a product from water damage.

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46
Q

What does a photopolymer do?

A

Used in coating, electrical and printing industries to protect a product. (responds to UV light).

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47
Q

What does a Thermochromic material do?

A

To detect the temperature and identify it (reacts to temperature).

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48
Q

What is the definition of toughness?

A

The ability to absorb energy and deform plastically without cracking.

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49
Q

What is the definition of Elasticity?

A

A Materials resistance to distortion and ability to return to its original shape.

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50
Q

What is the definition of a Thermal Insulator?

A

Reduces heat transfer, especially between objects and people.

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51
Q

Name a polymer with the property of toughness?

A

High Density Polymer.

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52
Q

Name a polymer with the property of Elasticity?

A

Rubber Latex.

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53
Q

Name a polymer with the property of Thermal insulator?

A

Fibreglass.

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54
Q

What product is made using high density polymer?

A

Piping.

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55
Q

What product is made using Elasticity?

A

Balloons.

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56
Q

What product is made using Thermal insulator?

A

Window frame.

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57
Q

Define Transparency?

A

Dictates how permeable a material is to light radiation (how see through it is).

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58
Q

Define Translucency?

A

Some light may pass through but will be diffused and objects on the other side won’t be clear.

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59
Q

If its Opaque its.….. ?

A

Impermeable to light.

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60
Q

Where is Translucency used? (2 points)

A

> In packaging to allow the buyer to see the contents.
Replacement for glass in windows.

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61
Q

Define Self Finishing?

A

When the product comes straight form the manufacturing process finished. No additional surface finish required.

62
Q

What will dictate the surface finish?

A

The surface of the mould whether smooth or textured, etc.

63
Q

What can be added to polymers in pre-production removing the need for secondary surface finishing.

A

Pigments.

64
Q

What is Additive for processing used for?

A

To make polymers easier and more effective to process.

65
Q

What do Platicisers do?

A

Enhance flow characteristics and enable polymers to be moulded at higher temperatures.

66
Q

What do thermal antidotes do?

A

Prevent Oxidation.

67
Q

What do Additives for performance do?

A

Prolong lifespan of products.

68
Q

What do antioxidants do?

A

Reduce deterioration/degradation from exposure to air and water and help prevent cracking and distortion.

69
Q

Is Thermosetting recyclable?

A

Thermosetting is usually not recyclable.

70
Q

Is Thermoplastics recyclable?

A

Thermoplastics are usually recyclable.

71
Q

What do Additives to improve function do?

A

Enhance the performance characteristics of polymers.

72
Q

What does Fire retardant do?

A

Increase fire resistance.

73
Q

What does Plasticisers do?

A

Makes the material more stretchy.

74
Q

What does Antistatic Addatives do?

A

Reduce build up of static charge.

75
Q

What does Additives for biodegradability do?

A

Used to increase biodegradibility of thermoplastic polymers.

76
Q

What happens to Thermosplastics over time?

A

They degrade very slowly ultimately breaking into particles that will not assimilate into the soil but instead pollute and find their way into the food chain.

77
Q

What are Biobatch materials?

A

Additives that enable thermoplastics to biodegrade therefore they can be broken down more quickly/safely by natural bacteria.

78
Q

What is Recyclability?

A

Process of recovering waste polymers and reprocessing them into useful materials and products.

79
Q

What does Recycling prevent?

A

> Prevents products being sent to landfills or dumped.
Reduces reliance on the production of new material from finite resources.

80
Q

What are the two main types of polymers?

A

Thermosetting and Thermoplastics.

81
Q

What is the main difference between Thermosetting and Thermoplastics?

A

They react to heat in different ways.

82
Q

What are Plastics made from?

A

Oil.

83
Q

What process is used to make Plastics?

A

Fractional Distillation.

84
Q

What is the structure of Thermosetting?

A

Ordered Structured Chains.

85
Q

What is the structure of Thermoplastics?

A

Long chains randomly tangled.

86
Q

What is the Fractional Distillation process?

A

The separation of a mixture into its component parts or fractions by heating it.

87
Q

How do you get Synthetic Polymers?

A

From refining crude oil by Fractional Distillation.

88
Q

What does Hydrocarbon use to break down larger hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbons?

A

Cracking

89
Q

What is Cracking?

A

Breaking down of hydrocarbons

90
Q

What happens in Polymerisation?

A

After hydrocarbons are obtained from cracking they are chemically processed:

> Monomers join together (Molecules of single compound.
These atoms are joined end to end to form long chains (polymers).

91
Q

What is the building block of all plastics?

A

Polymers.

92
Q

What is the equation for Polymerisation?

A

MONO (one) > POLY (many).

93
Q

What does LDPE stand for?

A

Low Density Polyethylene.

94
Q

What does HDPE stand for?

A

High Density Polyethylene.

95
Q

What does PP stand for?

A

Poly Propylene.

96
Q

What does HIPS stand for?

A

High impact Polystyrene.

97
Q

What does ABS stand for?

A

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene.

98
Q

What does PMMA stand for?

A

Polymethyl Methacrylate.

99
Q

What are the properties of LDPE?

A

Though, Flexible, Low cost, Translucent, Weather proof, good chemical resistance.

100
Q

What are the properties of HDPE?

A

Flexible, translucent, low cost and temperature, toughness (to -60 degrees), good chemical resistance.

101
Q

What are the properties of PP?

A

Semi rigid, translucent, tough, good chemical resistance, low density, high heat resistance.

102
Q

What are the properties of HIPS?

A

Rigid, impact resistant, lightweight, low melting point, easy to process, chemical resistance.

103
Q

What are the properties of ABS?

A

Chemical resistance, aging resistant, hardness, gloss and rigidity.

104
Q

What are the properties of PMMA?

A

Strong, tough, lightweight, low density, good impact strength, scratch resistant.

105
Q

What are the Properties of NYLON?

A

Lustrous, Elastic, Strong, Dammage resistant to oil and chemicals, resilient, dries quickly, Doesn’t absorb water.

106
Q

What are the properties of PVC (flexible Pvc rigid)?

A

High resistance to impact, water, weather, chemical/corrosive environments.

107
Q

What does PVC stand for?

A

Polyvinyl Chloride.

108
Q

Name a Thermoplastic polymer?

A

HDPE (High Density Polyethylene).

109
Q

Name a use for LDPE?

A

Containers, dispensering/squeeze bottles, tubing, caps, plastic parts of computer components.

110
Q

Name a use for HDPE?

A

Plastic bottles, milk jugs, shampoo and bleach bottles, cutting boards, piping.

111
Q

Name a use for PP?

A

Pallets, bottles, jars, yogurt containers, food packaging, hot beverage cups. Also Batteries, bumpers and door trims.

112
Q

Name a use for HIPS?

A

Plastic cutlery, refrigerator lining, electrical insulation, medical industry trays.

113
Q

Name a use for ABS?

A

LEGO bricks, plastic face guards for wall sockets, plastic alloys, keyboard components.

114
Q

Name a use for PMMA?

A

Signs, bathtubs, furniture, acrylic nails, glasses’s lenses, skylights, home appliances.

115
Q

Name a use for NYLON?

A

Shirts, underwear, seat belts, parachutes, airbags, tents, raincoats, swimwear.

116
Q

Name a use for PVC (flexible Pvc rigid)?

A

Water and waste pipes, gutters, cladding vehicle shells, window frames.

117
Q

What are Thermosets?

A

More brittle than Thermoplastics and are best suited to stiffer moulding.

118
Q

What are the properties of thermosets?

A

Hard, Waterproof when solid making them ideal for usage as adhesives. They are however more difficult to mould.

119
Q

What are Adhesives?

A

Used to bind two separate items together and resists their seperation.

120
Q

What does UF stand for?

A

Urea Formaldehyde.

121
Q

What does MF stand for?

A

Melamine Formaldehyde.

122
Q

What are the properties of UF?

A

Hard Opaque, strong, brittle, resin, low absorbency, good insulator.

123
Q

What are the properties of MF?

A

Hard, Opaque, Good resistance to heat/ chemical attack, brittle, scratch resistant.

124
Q

What are the properties of Polyester resin?

A

Good resistance to chemicals/water/heat, tough, hard.

125
Q

What are the properties of Epoxine resin?

A

Hard, tough, good resistance to heat/chemicals.

126
Q

What are some uses of Urea Formaldehyde?

A

Binds materials like MDF, Plywood as an resin in electrical casing, sockets,switches.

127
Q

What are some uses of Melamine Formaldehyde?

A

Toilet seat, surface coating, buttons, kitchen utensils.

128
Q

What are some uses of Polyester resin?

A

Uses as a resin in Marine industry, boat hulls, bath tubs, chair seats.

129
Q

What are some uses of Epoxine resin?

A

Used as an adhesive, LED’s as a surface coating, Electrical components.

130
Q

What does Epoxine resin need to cure?

A

A catalyst.

131
Q

What does Polyester resin need to be mixed with to work?

A

Resin base must be mixed with a Catalyst.

132
Q

What is Stock Form?

A

Set sizes in products. Eg A4 paper.

133
Q

What are the Seven main stock forms?

A

Sheets, Film, Granules, Rod and other extruded forms, Foam and Powder.

134
Q

What is Granules?

A

Many thermoplastics are produced in granule form for :
> Easy processing when making moulded forms.
> Measured Accurately
> Melt Quickly

135
Q

What is Sheets?

A

Its a Flat Material can be:
> Cut and folded
> Vacum formed into 3D shapes

136
Q

What is Vacum forming?

A

Using a mould and vacuum to achieve the desired part geometrically.

137
Q

What are the characteristics of Films?

A

> Transparent or Translucent
Flexible
Thin

138
Q

What is Foam?

A

It is laminated of two white card faces.
> Its Lightweight and easy to cut.
> Solvent based adhesive may melt foam.

139
Q

What is Fluted Polypropylene?

A

A sheet with intergraded channels or flutes.
>Lightweight, available in many colours, can be bend and waterproof.

140
Q

What are the Uses of Granules?

A

Sports/ Playground surfaces, filling in soft toys, Cosmetic products, Beenie babies, Injection moulding, filling.

141
Q

What are the uses of Sheets?

A

Yogurt pots, window parts, flooring, back panels of bookshelves.

142
Q

What is Fluted Polypropylene a form of?

A

Sheet.

143
Q

What are the uses of Films?

A

Photographic Film, carrier bags, membranes.

144
Q

What are the uses of Foam?

A

Moulded making, Backing display boards, framing artworks, packaging for shipping

145
Q

What are the uses of Fluted Polypropylene?

A

Packaging, Transporting stuff, Estate agents for sale boards.

146
Q

Exam Question Discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of using Fluted Polypropylene sheet to make a wine storage box? (6 marks)

A

(A) > Its lightweight therefore easy for the customer to carry without too much additional weight.
(A) > Its compressively strong so can withhold the weight of many wine bottles without wearing and breaking.
(A) > Its ability to bend without breaking makes it suitable to fit differently sized bottles.
(D) > Its ability to bend means wear and tear will occur over time causing the box to adjust in shape as well as certain parts breaking entirely.
(A) Its water proof so will absorb any spilt liquids and is easy to clean.
(D) If it isn’t assembled properly it can break.
(D) If too much weight is added it can break.

147
Q

Name 8 thermoplastics?

A

> Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Poly Propylene (PP)
High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS)
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
NYLON
Flexible Polyvinyl Chloride Rigid (PVC)

148
Q

Name 8 thermoplastics?

A

> Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Poly Propylene (PP)
High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS)
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
NYLON
Flexible Polyvinyl Chloride Rigid (PVC)

149
Q

Name 4 Thermosetting Plastics?

A

> Urea Formaldehyde (UF)
Melamine Formaldehyde (MF)
Poylester Resin
Epoxine Resin

150
Q

Name 4 Thermosetting Plastics?

A

> Urea Formaldehyde (UF)
Melamine Formaldehyde (MF)
Poylester Resin
Epoxine Resin

A-Level Product Design (5 decks)

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