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A-Level Product Design > ARO > Flashcards

ARO Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 main Paper Characteristics?

A

Whiteness, Opacity, Strength, Absorbency, Surface finish, Predicted Cost

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2
Q

What does Copier Paper have on it to give it its Colour?

A

Brightening Agents and in this case Bleech

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3
Q

What are the properties of Tracing paper?

A

It’s Translucent Opacity and White colour, it’s medium level strength with some fibres, it’s little absorbency and its medium level cost.

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4
Q

The better the properties of the type of paper the…

A

More expensive it is likely going to be

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5
Q

What are the properties of Water Coloured paper?

A

It’s Cream colour, it’s very opaque, it’s high strength with lots of fibres,

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6
Q

What are the properties of Copier paper?

A

It’s grey white colour, high Opaque, it weak strength with little fibres, it’s high absorbance and it’s low predicted cost

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7
Q

What is a natural Polymer?

A

Occurs in nature and can be extracted

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8
Q

Give an example of a natural Polymer?

A

Silk and wool

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9
Q

What is Paper made from?

A

Cellulose Fibres

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10
Q

What are fibres?

A

Little hairs

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11
Q

What is a source of Cellulose fibres?

A

Plants

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12
Q

Give an example of Cellulose fibres that comes from plants?

A

Hemp,Flux, Silk, Sugar Cane, Straw, Cotton, Bamboo, wood, elephant poo.

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13
Q

What is used in elephant poo to make paper?

A

Brightening Agents (Bleech)

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14
Q

What is a Deciduos wood?

A

A Hardwood

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15
Q

What is a Coniferous wood?

A

A Softwood

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16
Q

Give an example of 2 Coniferous woods?

A

Spruce and Pine

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17
Q

Give an example of 2 Deciduous woods?

A

Maple, Beech and Oak wood

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18
Q

List the Step by Step process of making paper?

A

1.) A tee is cut d
2.) The Trunk is fed into a Chipping machine where it is cut into very small pieces.
3.) The wood chips are boiled in water to form a thick wood pulp.
4.) Chemicals/Ingrediants such as Starch and bonding agents are added.
5.) The pulp is poured over a fine mesh and the water escapes, leaving the cellulose fibres behind.
6.) If even greater thickness is needed, this is achieved by gluing layers of card together, called laminating.
7.) This forms paper. Card and Carboard are thick because they are made up of several layers of pulp.

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19
Q

What’s is Paper made using?

A

Debarked/Chipped wood or Cellulose fibres and Ancetic Acid, Fillers, Brightening agents and Water.

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20
Q

What is Ancetic Acid or other chemicals used for?

A

To break down the Ligin that bonds Cellulose Fibres.

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21
Q

What is Fillers used for?

A

Added to improve quality with specific sections like physical and aesthetic properties.

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22
Q

Name a Filer that could be used when making paper?

A

Clay and Calcium Carbonate.

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23
Q

What are Brightening agents used for in paper ?

A

To enhance the paper and give off a whiter appearance.

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24
Q

What is required a lot of to produce paper?

A

Water.

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25
Q

What temperature is Wood free pulp heated up to produce Pulp?

A

140 degrees Celsius.

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26
Q

What can pulp be described as?

A

A Fibrous liquid.

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27
Q

What can be added to the wood free pulp to help with the desired appearance?

A

Dyes can be added.

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28
Q

When creating wood free pulp what happens to the water used?

A

Nearly all of it is filtered and released.

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29
Q

After cooking the pulp what is left.

A

The remaining login free fibres know as “wood free pulp”.

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30
Q

How much water is required to make 80gsm of photocopy paper?

A

500ml of water.

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31
Q

What does gsm stand for?

A

Grams per square meter.

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32
Q

The greater the whiteness the ?

A

Better the quality

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33
Q

The greater the Opacity the?

A

less you can see through it.

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34
Q

The worse the Opacity the?

A

Better you can see through it.

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35
Q

Strength in paper is determined by?

A

The lower amount of fillers = stronger than high number of filler which is weaker.

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36
Q

In paper Strength is effected by?

A

Fibre bonds, Fibre strenght, fibre length, quality of fibres.

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37
Q

The more absorbent a piece of paper is the?

A

Greater the cost.

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38
Q

The more laminate a piece of paper is the?

A

Less Absorbent it is.

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39
Q

Is ink absorbent?

A

Yes.

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40
Q

Name 4 finishes?

A

Matt, stain, gloss, smoothness.

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41
Q

What determines the cost of a piece of paper?

A

The Higher the Quality, Number of fillers, Stock form or unique size.

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42
Q

To create the perfect piece of paper what five ingredients can be tweaked?

A

Source of Cellulose fibres, the filers that smooth out the finish, the sizing Agents that increase the absorbency, the calendaring process, Additional finishes.

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43
Q

What does the sizing Agents do with a piece of paper?

A

Increase the absorbency.

44
Q

What is the Calendaring process?

A

Different rollers > specific thickness/ surface finishes.

45
Q

Name some additional finishes for paper?

A

Matt, stain, gloss, smoothness.

46
Q

What does sizing reduce?

A

Absorbency.

47
Q

What are Sizing Agents?

A

Chemicals added to the pulp or sprayed and rolled to the base paper.

48
Q

What is internal sizing?

A

It is added to the pulp for paper and effects paper quality and ability to run smoothly through machines.

49
Q

What does surface sizing do?

A

Improves strength, reduces absorbency and hence improve the printability.

50
Q

What is the main difference between coated/ uncoated finishes?

A

Surface sizing.

51
Q

List Coated paper characteristics?

A

Reduces ink absorption, brighter richer images with deeper blacks.

52
Q

What are the two main coatings for coated paper?

A

Clay and Polyetheline.

53
Q

What does Polyetheline increase?

A

Gloss and smoothness.

54
Q

What does Clay increase?

A

Smoothness.

55
Q

What type of paper is not treated with any sealant?

A

Uncoated Paper.

56
Q

List some characteristics of Uncoated paper?

A

> Faster Absorption of water/ink, printing ink goes deeper into the paper rather than drying on the surface. Colours appear dull compared to Coated paper.

57
Q

What paper can be given a wide range of finishes?

A

Treated Paper.

58
Q

What are some finishes that can be given to Treated paper?

A

Edge of Napkins.

59
Q

What is the range for Paper and Board finishes?

A

Wide Range.

60
Q

What is a Matt finish?

A

Smooth, dull in appearance, good for high quality print job.

61
Q

What is a Satin finish?

A

Lower reflective levels to gloss paper but more than Matte.

62
Q

What is a Gloss finish?

A

Shiny, higher quality than coated paper.

63
Q

What is a Textured finish?

A

Created with felt roller covered in woven wire.

64
Q

What are some strength factors of base paper?

A

Length of Fibres, More fillers = less strength, length of cellulose fibres, quality of fibres, way that cellulose fibres bond together.

65
Q

What is the Elmendorf tear test?

A

Used to continue a tear by calculating how much tear force is required to continue the tear. The sample starts of partially teared and put into position. A pendulum tears the sample and continues untill resting point.

66
Q

What is the test commonly used for testing Tear resistance?

A

Elmendorf tear test.

67
Q

What is Elmendorf commonly used for?

A

Paper and Boards.

68
Q

What is the units used to measure the tear resistance in the Elmendorf tear test?

A

Scale is in Elmendorf Units.

69
Q

A Die cutter can be used to ?

A

Cut, Score, Perforate, crease in paper within one action.

70
Q

What is a Die Cutter?

A

A machine that applies pressure to cut out delicate shapes from paper, card, fabric, etc.

71
Q

How precise is a Die Cutter?

A

It can cut identical Qualities quickly in large quantities.

72
Q

How does a Die cutter work?

A

By skilled technicians using CAD drawing, the machine then uses laser cutting plywood packing plates to cut the material to the desired shape.

73
Q

What is use to cut the material into the desired shape and size?

A

Metal rulers or blades (steel) are embedded into the desired shape (almost like a stencil) in the laser cut ply form.

74
Q

What does Perforarions mean?

A

Allowing portions to be folded by small cuts in the paper or board.

75
Q

What are some characteristic differences between Paper and Boards?

A

Thickness, Laminating, Strength, Stiffness and rigidity.

76
Q

List the following papers in order of strength from weakest to strongest?

Cartridge paper, Mountboard, Tracing paper, Tissue paper, Photocopy paper, Layout paper, Foil lined board, Bleed proof paper.

A

Weakest = Tissue Paper, Layout paper, Tracing paper, Bleed proof paper, Photocopy paper, Cartridge paper, Foil lined paper and Mountboard = Strongest.

77
Q

List the following papers in order of strength from weakest to strongest?

Cartridge paper, Mountboard, Tracing paper, Tissue paper, Photocopy paper, Layout paper, Foil lined board, Bleed proof paper.

A

Weakest = Tissue Paper, Layout paper, Tracing paper, Bleed proof paper, Photocopy paper, Cartridge paper, Foil lined paper and Mountboard = Strongest.

78
Q

What does GSM stand for?

A

Grams Per Square Metre.

79
Q

What two catagories are paper classified by?

A

Weight and size.

80
Q

If a piece of paper weighs more that 220gsm it is usually classified as what?

A

A board.

81
Q

When is paper too heavy and then classified as a board?

A

If its GSM is more than 220 gsm.

82
Q

What is board measured in?

A

Microns (,um).

83
Q

1000um of thickness is equal to what in mm?

A

1000um = 1mm of thickness.

84
Q

Paper sizes are set globally using what three series?

A

A Series, B series and C series.

85
Q

What company governs paper sizes internationally?

A

ISO 216.

86
Q

Where is A series commonly used?

A

Standard trimmed paper stock (eg A4, A2).

87
Q

Where is B series commonly used?

A

Alternative sizes often in industry.

88
Q

Where is B series commonly used?

A

Envelopes.

89
Q

Name two comertial untrimmed sizes?

A

RA series and SAR series.

90
Q

How much bigger is RA series to A series?

A

105% bigger.

91
Q

How much bigger is SAR series that A series?

A

115% bigger.

92
Q

Name the four types of Corrugated card?

A

Single faced board, Single wall board, Double wall board and Triple wall board.

93
Q

What is a property of single faced Corrugated board?

A

Its Flexible.

94
Q

What is a property of single, double and triple corrugated board?

A

Its directionally rigid and has good strength to weight ratio.

95
Q

What are the properties of Corrugated board?

A

Flexible in one direction, shock absorbent, lightweight, thermal insulator.

96
Q

What is corrugated card commonly used in?

A

Packaging Protection.

97
Q

What are some advantages of corrugated card?

A

Its cheep, Stong, lightweight, thermal insulator and can be printed/written on (for branding/advertising).

98
Q

What are some disadvantages of corrugated card?

A

Sustainability (can’t be recycled easily), not waterproof, Deforms and weakens after time and it doesn’t stack well.

99
Q

What is the thickness range of Single wall Corrugated board?

A

3,000 - 5,000um

100
Q

What is the thickness range of Double wall Corrugated board?

A

6,000 - 10,000um

101
Q

What is the thickness range of Triple wall Corrugated board?

A

12,000 - 15,000um

102
Q

Name a type of product that will likely be packaged in single wall corrugated board?

A

Small not fragile products.

103
Q

Name a type of product that will likely be packaged in double wall corrugated board?

A

Household items.

104
Q

Name a type of product that will likely be packaged in triple wall corrugated board?

A

Furniture.

105
Q

What is corrugated cardboard made from?

A

Layers of flat paper held together with an undulating fluted layer adheres. Air is held in the fluted layer providing insulation and cushioning for the products inside.

A-Level Product Design (3 decks)

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