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A-Level Product Design > KPB > Flashcards

KPB Flashcards

1
Q

Why is centred Design important? 10 marks

A

> Practicle so not too costly
Get price Get Quality
Understanding Clients wants and needs (Aesthetics and Functionality)
Scale
Ergonomics
Enviromentally Freindly
Encourage Research and Development
Planned Obsolesence
Profit / Sell
Compete successfully against similar products to gain a longer market Share.

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2
Q

How do we collect user centred design information?

A

Interviews, Online surveys, Internet, Trials, ergonomics, Popular trends, Primary research, Secondary research, Focus groups, Reviews, Existing products, Anthropometric data, Human Factors.

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3
Q

What is Primary Research?

A

Information that is gathered first hand.

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4
Q

What is Secondary research?

A

Sourced information.

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5
Q

What are some human factors?

A

Religion, Ability, Gender, Culture.

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6
Q

What is a Focus group?

A

Discussion based form of gathering data which tends to have more people that interviews.

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7
Q

What is an Interview?

A

Question answer based which is usually don’t individually.

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8
Q

What is an advantage of an Interview?

A

The data is reliable.

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9
Q

What is a disadvantage of a Focus Group?

A

> People can tend to copy each others answer which could make the data unreliable.

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10
Q

What is the disadvantage of an interview?

A

> One person narrows the field of information gathered.

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11
Q

What is an advantage of a focus group?

A

More information is gathered.

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12
Q

What do competitor companies tend to do?

A

Analyse existing products and their success can then help them develop better products.

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13
Q

How do designers take inspiration from a competitor to make their own version?

A

Product Evaluations allowing Designed to pick the best aspects of a design and combine them into a new product. Eg Asthetics, environmental impact, cultural diversity, etc.

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14
Q

What can studying a range of similar products help to do?

A

Identify a gap in the market.

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15
Q

What does the term a gap in the market mean?

A

Something no one has looked into which will result in high profit margins.

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16
Q

What is Anthropometrics?

A

(Human measurements) Studying the size and proportions of the human body.

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17
Q

When using data you can choose to design for 4 main percentile ranges. What are these 4 ranges called?

A

> The Average .
The Extreme .
Adjustability .
Adaptability.

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18
Q

Give an example of an Extreme scale chosen in a product/design?

A

Doorway, Shoe size.

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19
Q

Give an example of an Average scale chosen in a product/design?

A

A Mouse, A Phone.

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20
Q

Give an example of an Adjustable scale chosen in a product/design?

A

Car Seat, Shower head.

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21
Q

Give an example of an Adaptability scale chosen in a product/design?

A

Cots that turn into beds, Sofa beds.

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22
Q

What is Ergonomics?

A

Making sure the product fits the people who will be using it most effectively.

Correct application of anthropometric data, results in environments and products that are ergonomic.

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23
Q

How does Ergonomics effect a product?

A

It can effect the form of a product as well as how colour, texture and symbols are used.

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24
Q

Name the 9 main Design influences?

A

Arts and crafts, Art Nouveau, Modernism, Art Deco, Bauhaus, Contemporary, Pop Art, Post Modern, Memphis.

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25
Q

When was the Art Nouveau Influence?

A

1880-1910.

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26
Q

When was the Arts and Crafts Influence?

A

1850-1915.

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27
Q

When was the Modernism Influence?

A

1880-1940.

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28
Q

When was the Art Deco Influence?

A

1910-1940.

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29
Q

When was the Bauhaus Influence?

A

1920-1934.

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30
Q

When was the Contemporary Influence?

A

1945-1960.

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31
Q

When was the Pop Art Influence?

A

1958-1972.

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32
Q

When was the Post Modern Influence?

A

1972- end of 20th Century.

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33
Q

When was the Memphis Influence?

A

1980-1995.

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34
Q

Name popular Artists from the Arts and Crafts influence?

A

William Morris, Gustav Stick and Mary Morris.

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35
Q

What items were commonly made in the Arts and crafts movement?

A

Classic items like:
> Lamps, Furniture, Stained glass, wallpaper.

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36
Q

What was William Morris known for?

A

Making wallpaper and Prints.

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37
Q

What were products made from during the arts and crafts influence?

A

Everything was made from natural materials.

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38
Q

Give an example of some natural materials used during the arts and crafts influence?

A

Silvers, Gold, Hardwood and Stain glass.

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39
Q

What were some characteristics of products made in the arts and Crafts style?

A

Handmade, attention to detail, repeated patterns, influence of the Orent flowers and leaves.

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40
Q

During the arts and craft influence why were their little female artist?

A

Women weren’t seen as valued.

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41
Q

Name a Female artist from the arts and crafts influence?

A

Mary Morris.

42
Q

What big part of history happened just before the arts and crafts influence?

A

The industrial revolution.

43
Q

How did the industrial revolution impact the Arts and Crafts movement?

A

Steam engines opened up the idea of mass production meaning the influence could be spread globally.

44
Q

Name a popular artist from the Art Deco influence?

A

René Lalique.

45
Q

When and where was the Art exposition held during the Art Deco Movement?

A

Paris, 1925.

46
Q

Name some popular products from the Art Deco influence?

A

> Statuets, Lighting products, Radios and clocks.

47
Q

What was the Art Deco movement influenced by?

A

Bauhaus influence later on, Cubism and Modernism (movement before Art Deco).

48
Q

Name there places or things that were influenced by the Art Deco movement?

A

New York, France and Titanic style.

49
Q

Give some characteristics of the Art Deco Style?

A

> Sleek and streamline forms, Stmetrical/ Gyometric shape, curved straight lines, large rigid sections, elements of Primitive Art.

50
Q

Name a material that started being used during the Art Deco influence?

A

Exotic Attractive woods.

51
Q

The Art Deco Style was slidely more mass production based therefore it was?

A

Cheaper.

52
Q

The Art Deco age was also know as?

A

The Modern “machine age” such as ships and cars.

53
Q

Name some artists from the Bauhaus style?

A

Walter Gropius and Peter Behrens.

54
Q

What materials were used during the Bauhaus influence?

A

Leather, Some Plastics, Plywood, Concrete, Stainless Steel.

55
Q

The name Bauhaus comes from?

A

An Art school founded in 1919 in Weimar Germany.

56
Q

The Bauhaus school influenced?

A

Art, Architecture, Graphics, Interior/industrial design.

57
Q

What were some characteristics of the Bauhaus style?

A

Light filled, open plan, a simple functional design, neutral colour pallets is commonly used.

58
Q

What did the buildings look like that incourparated the Bauhaus style?

A

Functional places created in buildings.

59
Q

Name a Bauhuas inspired piece of furniture that had the simple, functional design?

A

Modular Furniture.

60
Q

Where did the Bauhaus style take inspiration from?

A

Egypt.

61
Q

Why did the Post Modern style begin?

A

It was a reaction to the rather bland and functional designs of the Modernism movement.

62
Q

When was the post Modern influence?

A

From 1972- end of the 20th century.

63
Q

How were the post modern designs different to those prior?

A

More electric, creative, decorative and emotive designs.

64
Q

What was the Post , modern style?

A

Old and new designs could be seen together sometimes clashing, creating exciting and provocative pieces that boldly stood out.

65
Q

Name a famous artist from the Post modern style?

A

Ettore Sottsass.

66
Q

What were the characteristics of the Post Modern style?

A

Abstract designs and shapes, modern processing and materials.

67
Q

Give an example of a Post Modern inspired product.

A

“The Dancing house”.

68
Q

Who designed “The Dancing house”?

A

Vlado Milanic and Frank Gehry.

69
Q

Where was “The Dancing House from”?

A

In Prague in 1995.

70
Q

Name a building inspired in the Post modern style?

A

The MI6 building in London.

71
Q

Name some features that were used in the Post Modern style?

A

Plastics, glass, manmade, mass production, childlike art as products.

72
Q

Name three key features of the Post Modern style?

A

> No Manufacturing.
Made from Natural materials.
Attention to detail.

73
Q

Name three key features of the Art Deco style?

A

> symetrical, Geometric shape.
Curved lines.
Inspired from Egypt.
Strained lines.

74
Q

Which theory is of “form follows function”?

A

Modernism’s Theory.

75
Q

What is Modernism’s theory?

A

“Form follows function”.

76
Q

When did the Soloman R Guggenheim museum open and where is it located?

A

Opened in 1959 in New York, USA.

77
Q

What was the purpose of the Solomon R Guggenheim Museum?

A

To hold Artwork.

78
Q

Describe the features of the Solomon R Guggenheim Museum that makes it sustible for the space?

A

> Long corridors and spiral staircase maximizes the floor space.
You can see the Artwork from different levels therefore easy to admire the work as it surrounds you.
Accessible continuous path.
Atrim light source.
Hanging Art insulation.
Walkway = continuous walkway.
Light from outside on art.
shape creates a larger foyer- entry/exit/shop.

79
Q

What style is this lamp which is made from hardwood material, handmade, nature theme, attention to detail and incourparates stain glass.

A

Either Arts and Craft or Art Nouveau because of the Natural materials, attention to detail, flower inspired design and handmade.

80
Q

What style is this lamp which incourparates dull colours, stainless steel material and a simple functional design?

A

Bauhaus or Modernism because of its dull colours, stainless steel material and simple functional design.

81
Q

What the Arts and Craft movement was influential?

A

> Rebelion after because it was just after the industrial revolution and people didn’t like mass production with the ideology of one person doing a small element in the product which was frowned upon. Also famous artist like William Morris who had socialist views were very influential in the movement.

82
Q

Give two main characteristics of the Art Deco Movement?

A

Curved and straight lines, Stmetrical, Gyometric shape.

83
Q

Give two main characteristics that define the Modernism movement?

A

Tubular steel, form follows function, clean lines.

84
Q

Explain why the arts and crafts movement was influential at the time and why these designers didn’t utilise all of modern technological processes available to them. Give examples of designers and or products in your response? (4 marks)

A

The arts and crafts movement was influential because it was shortly after the industrial revolution which opened up the idea of mass production. This was one thing the arts and crafts movement rebelled against because they felt this would effect the quality and personal handmade tough to the product. This can be represented through their designs which are all made of natural materials and are handmade. It was frowned upon during this time for one person to only do a small element in the product and artists like William Morris who had socialist views led the movement and were very influential with their designs.

85
Q

Explain the beginning of Post Modernism and define the common styles and features found on products and architecture related to the era.Make reference to specific design movements and work to support your discussion? (7 marks)

A

Post Modernism started in 1970s as a reaction to the rather bland and functional designs of the modernism movement.These designs were more creative and decorative with their abstract shapes, designs and patterns, modern processes and use of materials like plastic and glass. The style incourparated areas of mass production but also a sense of man made qualities. These elements brought an almost childish approach to the design industry with famous designs like “the dancing house” in Prague which was constructed in 1996 and the MI6 building in London. The design isn’t intended to be practical but a more artistic and aesthetically pleasing outcome linking to modernism’s theory of “form over function” which I interpret are focused on appearance rather that being practice. A popular artist of the post modern era include Ettore Sottsass who contributed significantly to the style of designing buildings with a childish appearance which is a good representation of the true expression of the style. From this style Memphis was created in 1980 which encourparated a similar childish appearance.

86
Q

What skills are needed to make a good designer?

A

Attention to detail = Quality,
Creativity,
Understanding of previous concepts,
People person, risk taker, dexterous, patient, money, confidence (in own ability) understanding of concepts prior, determination, innovation.

87
Q

Who is Phillippe Starck?

A

> French Product designer
kitchen appliances, furniture.
adds evelement of humour to his pieces
elements of Post Modernism
“…..its meant to start conversations”

88
Q

Who is Marianne Brandt?

A

> German Designer
Studdied at Bauhaus - became head of their metal workshop.
Household items like teapots, jugs tablewear
and lighting.
Never Mass produced- complex designs using silver plated copper and ebony for the handles.
Bahaus style “form follows function”
Muted colours, stainless/chrome steel.

88
Q

Who is James Dyson?

A

> British Inventor
Iterative design process
Modern, simplistic designs
“Product function and aftercare service are very important”.

89
Q

Who is Dieter Rams?

A

> German industrial designer
Head of Design at Braun - defined their modern style.
“Form follows function” influences of Bahaus”.
Introduduced the Ten principles of good design.

90
Q

What are the Ten principles of good design?

A

1.) Good design is innovative.
2.) Good design makes a product understandable.
3) Good design is long lasting.
4.) Good design is as little as possible.
5.) Good design makes a product useful.
6.) Good Design is unobtrusive
7.) Good design is thorough down to the last detail.
8.) Good design is aesthetic.
9.) Good design is honest
10.) Good design is environmentally friendly.

91
Q

Who is Charles and Ray Eames?

A

> Married team of American industrial designers.
made ergonomic furniture.
used steel, fiberglass, shaped plywood.
Supplied US Navy with plywood leg splints during ww2. (first mass produced product.

92
Q

Who was Margaret Calvert?

A

> Graphic designer know for for her work on transport fonts and simple pictograms.
Simple, easy accessible styled fonts.
Used for direction signage in uk airports.

93
Q

What is Biomicry?

A

Using something in nature which you mimic into your own design.

94
Q

What is the Trangle of Limmitations made up of?

A

Time, Money, Quality.

95
Q

What are some restrictions to a designers freedom?

A

Culture/Social/Moral/Ethical, Capital, Demand, Resources, Environment, labour/workforce- skilled.

96
Q

Which global issues steer 21st century design?

A

2008 recession, 9/11, 7/7 (security/boarder control), Covid 19 ( workforce not being their, materials), Global warming, War - Russia/Ukraine.

97
Q

How did ww1 impact the design industry?

A

> Men who worked in design/workmen had to go to war.
restrictions on resources - needed for war.
New mass production techniques.
Material demand - Steel, aluminium, canvas, fabrics, copper wires, leather and wood.

98
Q

How did Post WW1 impact the design industry?

A

> Utilised Steel tubing, Wood as it was lighter, consistent strength.
Goverments and designed started to rebuild cities and society.
Bahaus school influence
Mass production grew
Greater range of materials
Need for functional products
Henry Ford - developed Moving assembly line to mass production producing his Model T Cars.

99
Q

How did WW2 impact the design industry?

A

> Significant advances in the technology,
rationing food and other products - limit wastage.
“Make do and Mend”
Utility Furniture Advisory Committe (1942) - created simple, functional furniture from limited resources available - firstly available to newly weds and victims of bombing raids.
Gordan Russel.

100
Q

What everyday items would of been given to the military in support of the war effort?

A

Cladding, Fencing, Metal Cutlery, garage doors, tools, kettle, watches, clothes, car parts, furniture, pots/pans.

101
Q

What is the characteristics of furniture before ww2?

A

Indicative of Utility furniture:

  • Hardwood materials, handmade production, simple, modular, plain handles, frameless mirror, flush components.

A-Level Product Design (5 decks)

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