LG Cubital Fossa and Anterior Forearm+Posterior Forearm

Question 1

Describe the location and function of the bursae at the elbow?

Answer 1

Bursae at the elbow are located posteriorly on the lateral and medial epicondyle as well as for the anconeus.
Function to provide cushion between the tricep tendon and olecranon process

Question 2

Describe the following injuries and relate anatomical structures to each: radial head subluxation,
olecranon bursitis

Answer 2

Radial head subluxation: The annular ligament stabilizes the radial head. In the case of subluxation in children, an axial force on an extended, pronated forearm causes the annular ligament to slip over the radial head.
Olecranon bursitis: The olecranon bursa is synovial membrane located immediately posterior to the olecranon bone of the elbow. The bursa’s function is to allow the bony olecranon to glide smoothly across the overlying tissues with flexion and extension of the elbow. Olecranon bursitis refers to inflammation of the bursa.
Caused by overuse either by athletes having to flex and extend the elbows a lot or workers leaning on their elbow a lot.

Question 3

Describe the fascial compartments of the anterior forearm and list their contents, general actions,
innervation, and blood supply

Answer 3

Anterior compartment: Flexion (at elbow, hand & wrist) and pronation. Median Nerve Innervation (for majority), Ulnar artery (anterior intterous artery) blood supply
3 layers, 8 muscles
Superficial: Pronator teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris longus, Flexor carpi Ulnaris
Intermediate: Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Deep: Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus

Question 4

Predict what neurovascular structures would be injured based on bone fracture located at the medial
epicondyle of the humerus?

Answer 4

The ulnar nerve and the superior ulnar collateral artery

Question 5

Describe the fascial compartments of the posterior forearm and list their contents, general actions,
innervation, and blood supply

Answer 5

Actions at the posterior compartment are extension (at elbow, wrist & hand), and supination. Radial nerve innervation. Blood supply via the radial artery (posterior interosseous artery from ulnar artery)
Superficial and Deep layer 12 muscles total
Superficial layer (lateral to medial): Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris
Deep Layer 5 muscles
Supinator, Extensor indicis
3 Outcropping Thumb Muscles
Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus