Leys 3 Flashcards
Important regulators of food intake
leptin
Ghrelin
insulin
Leptin circulates the body at levels proportional to
body fat
Adipose tissue produces _____ that regulate metabolic processes to meed bodies needs
adipokines
AMP activated kinase is regulated by
AMP and AMP/ATP
What does AMPK regulate
What do high levels do?
rate limiting enzymes in energy using and producing pathways
High levels inhibit NRG utilization and stimulate NRG generation
Increased Ghrelin leads to
increased appetite
Grehlin favors accumulation of lipids in
visceral fatty tissue
Recommended daily allowance is adequate for ______ while Estimated average requirement is adequate for _____
great majority of population
Half the population
High fructose corn syrup is by breaking down_____ into _____ using ______ followed by conversion to _____ using ______
high fructose corn syrup is made by breaking down cornstarch into glucose using amylase followed by conversion to fructose with glucose isomerase
Health issues associated with high frutose corn syrup include
mercury exposure hypertension elevated cholesterol liver damage diabetes risk weight gain/obesity
Saturated fats increase levels of
LDL (bad cholesterol)
Trans fats …..
increase LDL and decrease HDL
Three potential outcomes of drug metabolism
1: increase in drug hydrophilicy and ability to be excreted (hepatic)
2: metabolic products are less pharmacologically active than the substrate drug
3: Inactive prodrugs converted to their active forms (hepatic)
5 mechanisms of drug restistance
1 decrease permeability 2 alteration of target site 3 enzyme inactivation of drug 4 active transport of drug out of cell 5 amplification of gene coding for target of the drug
increase in DNA repair can lead to
decrease in drug effectiveness
