Lexis And Semantics Flashcards
Dialect
Language specific to people with similar regional and social background
E.g. Bristolian
Sociolects
this is the dialect of a particular social class including education and religion, friendship groups. The prefix Socio- means society which is the way you talk with smaller groups of people.
- like, basically, Jesus Christ, not gunna lie, babe,
Idiolects
the speech habits peculiar to a particular person, that aren’t really influenced by other people except your immediate family.
- Tollow, lamb, backpost, GiGi, Bampy,
Jargon
Words used in specific and technical ways by groups of people
- usually relevant to a specific topic
Slang
Very informal language
Colloquialism
Informal words / phrases
Taboo term
Terms that should be avoided (impolite)
Cliché
Phrase that’s overused
Euphemism
Substitution for a kinder word - less offensive
Dysphemism
Intensive ie negative version of word
Archaism
Old fashioned language
Register
Level of formality in language that’s determined by the context it’s spoken or written
Lexical fields
a segment of reality symbolized by a set of related words.
Common collocations
Words that frequently appear together
Deviant collocations
Way words are composed for specific meaning
Pejorative
Words expressing disapprove
Etymology
History of word
Vernacular
Language spoken by people in a region
Latinate
Refers to something in Latin form
Monosyllabic
Consists of one syllable
Polysyllabic
More than one syllable
Dysphemism
Insensitive/ negative version of word
Synonym
Word with same/similar meaning to another word
Antonym
Words that mean opposite of each other
Connotation
Suggestion of a meaning of a word
Peaceful, fresh
Amelioration
Act of making something better
Flesh of animals- meat
Semantic field
Group of words that all link to the same topic
Animal, pet, feline, cat, dog, canine
Triadic structure/ Tricolon
Where there are 3 main clauses
I came, i saw, I conquered
Simile
Comparison of one thing with another
Like. As … as
She swam like a fish
Metaphor
Word or phase which is applied to an object or action which is not literally applicable
Ali is a walking dictionary
Zoomorphism
When you compare a human to an animal
Personification
Non-living things given human traits
The story jumped off the page
