lexis and grammar

Question 1

what is a common noun

Answer 1

general noun, no capital letters

Question 2

what is a proper noun

Answer 2

nouns which need capital letters

Question 3

what is a concrete noun

Answer 3

can be touched

Question 4

what is an abstract noun

Answer 4

cannot be touched

Question 5

what is a main verb

Answer 5

the main action of the sentence

Question 6

what is a verbal verb

Answer 6

communicative actions

Question 7

what is a material verb

Answer 7

events or actions

Question 8

what is a dynamic verb

Answer 8

have definite starts and ends

Question 9

what is a stative verb

Answer 9

perceptions, cognitive processes and feelings

Question 10

what is a transitive verb

Answer 10

have a direct object, eg i went for a run

Question 11

what is an intransitive verb

Answer 11

don’t have a direct object, eg i ran

Question 12

what is an auxiliary verb

Answer 12

verbs which assist the main verb, eg , be, do, have

Question 13

what is a modal auxiliary verb

Answer 13

verbs which both assist the main verb and indicate probability, eg may eat, could go

Question 14

what is a copular verb

Answer 14

linking verb, eg be, it, was

Question 15

what is a base adjective

Answer 15

simplest form

Question 16

what are the four types of adjective

Answer 16

time, place, manner, degree

Question 17

what is a coordinating conjunction

Answer 17

join two equal clauses

Question 18

what are the coordinating conjunctions

Answer 18

for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.

Question 19

what is a subordinating conjunction

Answer 19

joins a subordinate clause

Question 20

what are the subordinating conjunctions

Answer 20

after, although, as, as if, because, before, how, if, since, than, though, unless, until, when, where and while.

Question 21

what is a quantifier

Answer 21

gives numerical value, eg, five, some, a few

Question 22

what is a demonstrative determiner

Answer 22

specify what is being referred to, eg, this, that, those

Question 23

what is a definite determiner

Answer 23

something specific, eg, the

Question 24

what is an indefinite determiner

Answer 24

something general, eg, a

Question 25

what is a determiner

Answer 25

modifies the noun

Question 26

what is a relative pronoun

Answer 26

introduce clauses which provide extra information, eg, who, which, that, whose

Question 27

what is a semantic field

Answer 27

a group of words or phrases with a common meaning

Question 28

what is a denotation

Answer 28

dictionary definition

Question 29

what is a connotation

Answer 29

the associated ideas with a word

Question 30

what is a collocation

Answer 30

words which usually go together

Question 31

what is a euphemism

Answer 31

a less harsh way of saying something

Question 32

what is a dysphemism

Answer 32

a blunt way of saying something

Question 33

what is a hypernym

Answer 33

a generic term, umbrella term

Question 34

what is a hyponym

Answer 34

a part of a large collection

Question 35

what is the maxim of quality

Answer 35

what is said must be truthful

Question 36

what is the maxim of quantity

Answer 36

what is said should be the right length

Question 37

what is the maxim of relevance

Answer 37

what is said must be relevant

Question 38

what is the maxim of manner

Answer 38

what is said should be clear and not ambiguous

Question 39

who came up with these maxims

Answer 39

Grice

Question 40

what is a main/independent clause

Answer 40

can exist on its own

Question 41

what is subordinate/dependent clause

Answer 41

can't exist on its own, acts as an addition to the main clause

Question 42

what is a relative clause

Answer 42

a clause which adds more information and is introduced by a relative pronoun

Question 43

what is a minor/fragment sentence

Answer 43

an incomplete sentence, missing one or more SVO

Question 44

what is a simple sentence

Answer 44

a main clause on its own

Question 45

what is a compound sentence

Answer 45

two or more simple sentences joined by a conjunction

Question 46

what is a complex sentence

Answer 46

a sentence which contains at least one subordinating clause

Question 47

what kind of discourse is problem and solution

Answer 47

the text poses a problem and then provides the solution

Question 48

what kind of discourse is cause and effect

Answer 48

the text introduces an issue and the consequences of it

Question 49

what kind of discourse is cyclical

Answer 49

the text ends on the same thread as it started

Question 50

what kind of discourse is narrative

Answer 50

text tells a story

Question 51

what kind of discourse is question and answer

Answer 51

the text provides a question then provides the answer

Question 52

what is turn taking

Answer 52

where speakers take turns to speak

Question 53

what is adjacency pairs

Answer 53

pairs of conversational pieces of speech-the speaker will say one and then the hearer will reply in a specific way. eg; speaker one says hello, speaker two would be expected to reply with another greeting

Question 54

what features disrupt the flow of conversation

Answer 54

non fluency features

Question 55

what are false starts

Answer 55

the speaker starts to speak then stops and retires the start. eg- john was eating- i saw john eating

Question 56

what is repair

Answer 56

the speaker makes a mistake and then corrects it. eg- john was reading - i mean writing

Question 57

what is filler

Answer 57

words which the speaker uses to gain time to think, eg ummm

Question 58

what is back-channelling

Answer 58

where a speaker passively agrees with whats being said, eg yeah, uhum

Question 59

what is anaphoric referencing

Answer 59

look back at something in a text