Languagevar

Question 1

How does Parrott argue that teenagers search for an identity

Answer 1

• through forbidden behaviours
• Through rebellion
• through idols
• through cliquish exclusion

Question 2

What does Joanna thornborrow suggest about identity

Answer 2

One of the most fundamental ways we have of establishing our identity is through our use of language

Question 3

Describe William Labov’s Martha’s Vineyard investigation

Answer 3

-focused on dialectology
-Martha’s vineyard was a fairly isolated island and a popular tourist destination
-interested in the pronunciation not the diphthongs au and ai
-certain groups within his sample of 69 people shared the tendency to pronounce the diphthongs more like upsidedownE,U and upsidedownE., I
-found this within a small group of fishermen and up islanders
-this was done subconsciously, in order to establish an identity of themselves as vineyards and distance themselves from tourists

Question 4

Describe the mining communities investigation in South Yorkshire

Answer 4

-despite various pit villages along the coal seam of south Yorkshire were only a couple of miles apart, the participants in the study claimed there were differences in accent
-in Barnsley, the biggest coal seam, the accent was viewed as stronger, and the furthest you moved away from this seam, the weaker the accent came

Question 5

What is dialect

Answer 5

Variation in words and structures associated with a particular geographical region

Question 6

What is accent

Answer 6

Variation in pronunciation associated with a particular geographical region

Question 7

Give an example of two cities that are very close together but there are differences in DIALECT

Answer 7

Sunderland and Newcastle

Question 8

Explain Cockney rhyming slang

Answer 8

-dialectal variation
-works by replacing a word with a rhyming expression
-such as clue, being replaced with Scooby Doo, however this eventually ended up being clipped to just Scooby

Question 9

Who did the Oxford English Dictionary suggest rhyming slang originated

Answer 9

Street sellers, beggars and petty criminals

Question 10

How have cockney rhyming expressions become idiomatic

Answer 10

-the expressions are being used outside of the geographical area with which the dialect is originally associated and have become more generally used

Question 11

What can cause the spread of dialect

Answer 11

Growth of modern media and television shows
Social mobility

Question 12

What can cause the spread of dialect

Answer 12

Growth of modern media and television shows
Social mobility

Question 13

Give an example of how Cockney rhyming slang could have spread

Answer 13

Films such as the Italian job

Question 14

What is another key factor to these emerging variations of English

Answer 14

Migration associated with particular cultural groups such as those with a Caribbean or Asian background

Question 15

What is multi cultural English an example of

Answer 15

People with Caribbean or Asian native tongues are mixed with standard English

Question 16

When is MLE usually picked up

Answer 16

At a young age particularly in schools where 50% of pupils have English as a second language
A lot of the core speakers are from the east end of London where they have low opportunities - people are using language to create a sense of identity

Question 17

What is code switiching

Answer 17

Occurs when a bilingual speaker will use and alternate between different languages while talking