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English > Lexis > Flashcards

Lexis Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Idiolect

A

Our distinctive and individual style of speaking influenced by personal and social identities

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2
Q

Fillers

A

Words like um and er which is used in spontaneous speech when thinking or in nervous situations

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3
Q

Taboo

A

AKA expletives, topics which aren’t discusses.
Swear words

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4
Q

Regional Variation

A

the umbrella term which incorporates accent and dialect

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5
Q

Dialect

A

the words and vocab we use

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6
Q

Colloquialisms

A

Informal words or phrases

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7
Q

Neologisms

A

Creating new words in the language

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8
Q

Sociolect

A

How social groups influence our idiolect

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9
Q

Jargon

A

specific terms that only a social group would understand

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10
Q

Etymology

A

origin/journey of words

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11
Q

Denoting

A

definition

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12
Q

Semantic/Lexical fields

A

recurring lexis from the same field

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13
Q

Blending or Portmanteau

A

A type of neologism where you blend words together e.g Brexit (britain and exit)

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14
Q

Acronym

A

Abbreviation of several words that form a word itself e.g NASA

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15
Q

Initialisms

A

First letters of each word in a series but the letters don’t form a new word e.g BBC

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16
Q

Hedging or Vague Language

A

Phrases or words that don’t directly say what they’re talking about e.g kind of, maybe

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17
Q

Clipping

A

Shortening words

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18
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Children learn via positive and negative reinforcement

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19
Q

Child Directed Speech

A

Children learn via caregivers using language targeted towards children e.g shared knowledge, prosody, simplified lexis

20
Q

Vulgarism

A

Words just short of taboo (on the formality spectrum) e.g bloody, crap

21
Q

Lexical Ambiguity

A

Where a word has multiple meanings which can lead to confusion in a sentence e.g flexible, cool

22
Q

Semantics

A

Correlates with meaning e.g implying no by saying ‘later’ or ‘maybe’

23
Q

anadiplosis

A

a type of repetition where the last word or phrase of one clause or sentence is repeated at the beginning of the next

24
Q

opinionated language

A

a personal viewpoint presented as a fact

25
Q

statistical language

A

factual data used in a persuasive way
e.g 80% of people agreed ……

26
Q

high frequency words

A

words that occur often

27
Q

low frequency verbs

A

words which you don’t hear often
some are archaic (old) or become obsolete (no longer used)
e.g timorous for shy

28
Q

euphemism

A

a word or phrase people use to make things sound more positive, good and likeable
e.g passed away for death

29
Q

dysphemism

A

a word or phrase people use to make something or someone sound more negative, bad and unlikeable
e.g cement shoes for death

30
Q

french lexis

A

elegant sounding terms

31
Q

latinate lexis

A

complicated, long words

32
Q

anglo-saxon lexis

A

basic, often monosyllabic

33
Q

diachronic linguistics (diachronically)

A

change over time

34
Q

synchronic linguistics (synchronically)

A

change happening in a moment of time

35
Q

pejoration

A

when a word’s meaning becomes more negative over time
e.g attitude used to mean position

36
Q

amelioration

A

when a word’s meaning becomes positive over time
e.g dizzy used to mean foolishness

37
Q

specialisation/narrowing

A

when a word’s meaning narrows over time
e.g girl used to apply to males and females but now only young women

38
Q

generalisation / broadening

A

when a word’s meaning widens over time
e.g pretty used to denote attractiveness but now it is commonly used as a modifier like pretty cool

39
Q

polysemy

A

a synonym for lexical ambiguity

40
Q

malapropisms / untypical collocations

A

where texts use incorrect collocations / idioms e.g powerful coffee

41
Q

collocations

A

two or three word phrases herd frequently together

42
Q

genderlect

A

describes the way conversation between men and women is not right and wrong, or superior and inferior just different
coined by deborah tannen

43
Q

speaker oriented epistemic modal tags

A

request info or confirmation of info
e.g but you took the train today didnt you

44
Q

speaker oriented challenging tags

A

confrontational and may boost the force of an utterance

45
Q

addressee oriented affective softner

A

mitigate impolite demands
e.g pass me my book, would you please?

46
Q

addressee oriented affective facilitative tag

A

invite conversation turn on speakers assertion
e.g the election will be interesting wont it

47
Q

affective tags

A

indicate concern for the addressee

English (8 decks)

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