Lexicology

Question 1

• citation form

Answer 1

representative full form of lexeme typically listed in standard dictionaries

Question 2

• grammatical word

Answer 2

a word used for a specific gram. purpose

• e.g. DIDN’T - 1 orth. word and 2 gram. words (did not)

Question 3

• orthographic word

Answer 3

separated from other ort. words by spaces

Question 4

major formation processes

Answer 4

compounding

affixation

conversion

borrowing

Question 5

minor word formation

Answer 5

back-formation (opposite to affixation)

clipping (shortening) (Mike)

reduplication (repetition of sounds - okey-dokey, tick-tock)

acronymy (AIDS) - 1st letters
/abbreviation (Prof., Dr.) - 1st few letters
/blending (spoon + fork → spork)

Question 6

back-formation

Answer 6

bottle-feeding → to bottle-feed
to day-dream

Question 7

loanwords

Answer 7

= words adopted from one language (source l.) incorporated into another one (target l.) without translation

• calque = word-for-word translation (e.g. skyscraper)

Question 8

forein words

Answer 8

= a non-integrated word from a for. l., spelled as it is (café - french)

Question 9

cognates

Answer 9

= similar words in several languages that share a common origin (aka etymon)

→ house and haus

Question 10

marked collocation

Answer 10

• deliberate confusion of collocational ranges to create images
• unusual combination of words, challenge expectations

Question 11

set expressions

Answer 11

to spill the beans, to break a leg

• slogans
• catch phrases

Question 12

hyponymy

Answer 12

(Animals) cata dogs pidgeons…

Question 13

polysemy

Answer 13

hyperlexeme → shared SEME

• e.g. honey - someone dear to us or a jar of a bee product

Question 14

homonymy

Answer 14

e.g. ear - a part of a body or an ear of corn (klas) - NOT related at all