Lexical Developmentetatet Flashcards

1
Q

Utterance

A

a stretch or continuous unit of speech.​

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2
Q

Morphology​

A

the study of word structure, especially in terms of morphemes.​

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3
Q

Referent:​

A

the object or person in the real world to which a sound consistently relates.​

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4
Q

Plural​

A

the marking of a noun to indicate how many are being talked about.​

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5
Q

Possession​

A

the marking of a word to indicate that it possesses or owns something.​

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6
Q

Productive vocabulary​

A

the words a child can actually speak.​

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7
Q

Holophrase​

A

a one-word utterance that is used to communicate more than the one word on its own.​

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8
Q

Hyponym​

A

a word within a hypernym’s category (i.e. apple NOT fruit)​ (same for

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9
Q

Hypernym​

A

a category into which other words fit (i.e. fruit NOT apple)​

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10
Q

Telegraphic​

A

the stage during which children use three or more words, usually omitting grammatical words (i.e. determiners, auxiliary verbs and prepositions (the harder ones to define)) but keeping lexical words (i.e. nouns, verbs and adjectives)​

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11
Q

Post-telegraphic​

A

the stage after telegraphic during which many of the omitted words from the stage before start to appear (i.e. auxiliary verbs, prepositions, etc.)​

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12
Q

Mutual Exclusivity Assumption

A

The belief that something cannot be two things at once. eg. a poodle cannot be a dog and an animal.

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13
Q

Categorical Overextension

A

a. The name for one member of a category is extended to all members of the category.
b. Apple used for all round fruit.

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14
Q

Analogical Overextension

A

a. A word for one object is extended to one in a different category; some physical connection:
b. Cat for all fluffy things.

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15
Q

Mismatch Statements

A

a. One-word sentences that appear abstract: child makes a statement about one object in relation to another.
b. Saying ‘duck’ when looking at an empty pond.

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16
Q

Underextension

A

a. When a child uses a word in a very restricted way, such as only to refer to one specific example
b. Eg a child learns that the family’s black cat is ‘cat’ but does not understand that the neighbor’s fluffy white cat can also be referred to by the same word
c. So seeing the word cat as a hyponym not hypernym.

17
Q

Virtuous Error

A

A logially made mistake that makes sense as it shows that they are trying (applying grammatical rules, thinking logically, etc.) . Eg. eated, fish(i)es, feets, overextension.

18
Q

Katherine Nelson on Categorizing 1st words: (5/6)

A
  1. Categorising first words:
    a. Naming things/people (60%)
    b. Actions/events
    c. Describing/modifying things
    d. Personal/social words
  2. Lexical not grammatical words
    a. Grammatical words are the ones that are weird to define (eg. Prepositions)
19
Q

Eve Clark’s Semantic Feature Hypothesis: (6/7)

A

Identifies word (as in which word would work for this- think overextension) using some of the components/features associated with the word.
1. Taste
2. Sound
3. Movement
4. Shape
5. Size
6. Texture

20
Q

Jean Aitchison Her 3 proposed stages for children. (4)

A
  1. Labelling:
  2. Packaging:
  3. Network Building:
  4. “Language had a biologically organised schedule”.
21
Q

Who proposed these stages?
Labelling
Packaging
Network Building

A

Jean Aitchison

22
Q

Who said that the first words would likely be to the purpose of:
a. Naming things/people (60%)
b. Actions/events
c. Describing/modifying things
d. Personal/social words

A

Katherine Nelson

23
Q

Who suggested these as features that might be associated (perhaps too much sometimes) with a word:
1. Taste
2. Sound
3. Movement
4. Shape
5. Size
6. Texture

A

Eve Clark

24
Q

how many of our first words are nouns?

A

60%

25
Q

Jean Aitchison Her 3 proposed stages for children. (4)
Labelling

A

Linking words to objects. Understanding that objects can be labelled.

26
Q

Jean Aitchison Her 3 proposed stages for children. (4)
Packaging

A

Exploring what labels can apply to. Over/under extension occurs in order to understand the range of a word’s meaning. Positive 😊.

27
Q

Jean Aitchison Her 3 proposed stages for children. (4)
Network Building

A

Making connections between words – understanding similarities and opposites in meanings.