Lex sem Flashcards

1
Q

paradigmatic vs syntagmatic relations

A

paragimatic means pattern or groups/system: The man bought a (house/care/phone)
syntagmatic means Structure how the sentence should be: determiner A boy The house An animal not Boy a, House the, Animal an

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

5 types of paradigmatic relations

A
  1. homonymy
  2. polysemy
  3. synonymy
  4. antonymy
  5. hyponymy/hyperonymy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
Homonym signifiant(Sound)=same
                  signifie(Meaning)=different
A

same sound different spelling bark(dog) bark(tree)
homophone:the sound is the same spelling different sun/son
homograph: the spelling is same sound different
lead (lid) lead (led)
full homonyms: different word same spelling same sound lie(down)/lie( not true)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
Polysemy signifiant(Sound)=same
                  signifie(Meaning)=similar
A

football( ball) football (sport)

wood (from trees) woods (a group of trees)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypernymy (super)

hyponymy (sub)

A

Superordinate Flower

Subordinate Tulip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the Principle of compositionality?

A

the meaning of a complex sentence is determined by the meanings of its parts and the rules used to combine them. similiar to math (bob ate the apple) can be composed (like math) to find the meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is semantic costituent?

A

any part of a sentence that bears a meaning and combines with the meanings of other constituents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are two conditions of a lexical unit?

A

it must represent form and meaning of a lexeme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is semantics

A

The study of meaning in human language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

languge is devided into 3 parts

A

Sounds: phontics & phonology
Form: words= morphology phrases/clauses= Syntax
Meaning: semantics/ pragmatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

colorless green ideas sleep furiously

A

chomsky: grammatically correct but doesn’t make sense = need for semantics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

prescriptive vs descriptive language

A

should vs actuality and example of semantics
can i go to the wc presciptive/wrong may i
vs
may i go to the wc desciptive /its ok

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

language semantics

A

what is similiar and what is different about languages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

thoery of semantics

A
  1. Sentence meaning vs speaker meaning
  2. contextualized meaning
  3. Knowledge problem
  4. Individual differences
  5. circularity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

circularity

A

coffee:
word level problems: ( the definition requires further defining or very word in the creating a circular effect. or constant defining back and forth fro a lexical source
a differnce in type
b color
c taste
d temperature
soluton: code meta language( numbers or algorythims)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Linguistic sign

sassure vs ogden& richards

A

a. Ferdinand Sassure theory: the sign is combination of signified/meaning/concept and signifier/form/sound/image the process from the signifier to the signified is called signification.
illustration circle top signifed bottom signifier: Arbitrary cus different languages use different sounds.
b.Ogden & Richards+ the semiotic triangle: a triangle: the bottom left of the triangle is the symbol or word which rises to the peak which is the thought or referent then to the bottom right which is the thing or referent. there is direct connection between the word and and the extralinguistic referent/object and is symbolized with a dotted line.
c.Pierce Triangle bottom left:representamen/form the sign takes –rises to iterpretant/sense made from sign– to the bottom right the object/ -type of signs symbol/icon/index/-
symbol/ habit norm learned and arbitrary
icon / physically similiar/
index/ Direct connection

17
Q

Arbitrarines

A

One of the most important principles in linguistics is arbitrariness of meaning; it states that
the relationship between a name and what it denotes is arbitrary, i.e., between them there is no
necessary relationship. because in other languages the sounds are different.

18
Q

Linearity

A

The linearity principle is Saussure’s statement that, because linguistic signifiers are sounds (spoken words), they are intrinsically sequential (“linear”). They cannot be perceived simultaneously, the way visual signs are: they must be perceived one after the other, as a sequence in time. Example come here vs here comes one is a command the other is not.

19
Q

Discreteness

A

The idea of “discreteness” in linguistics basically means that even though language is produced as a “stream” (as in “stream of speech”), it can be broken down into meaningful units (such as discrete sounds), and those units can be combined in various ways to form larger units (such as discrete sounds like [p], [I] and [t] combining to make the word “pit” or “tip”).

20
Q

Discontinuity

A

In linguistics, a discontinuity occurs when a given word or phrase is separated from another word or phrase that it modifies in such a manner that a direct connection cannot be established between the two without incurring crossing lines in the tree structure. Prevalent in slavic languages not in English

21
Q

denotation

A

primary meaning of a sign: dictionary example but may also use references to extralinguistic reality: red:blood white:snow etc

22
Q

designation

A

A designation is a representation of a concept by linguistic or non-linguistic means. the name of something

23
Q

signification

A

Signification is the structuralist notion for being a sign, or the property of expressions that they stand for other things.

24
Q

Denotative (cognitive)
Connotative
(associative)

A

Denotative=primary meaning vs Connotative/associative= secondary/subclass meanings

25
Q

referent

A

the object or event to which the symbol refers the lexeme chair has many referents

26
Q

connotative stylistic types

A

a. territiorial/reginal
b. social
c. proper
d. temporal/dated