Lex sem Flashcards
paradigmatic vs syntagmatic relations
paragimatic means pattern or groups/system: The man bought a (house/care/phone)
syntagmatic means Structure how the sentence should be: determiner A boy The house An animal not Boy a, House the, Animal an
5 types of paradigmatic relations
- homonymy
- polysemy
- synonymy
- antonymy
- hyponymy/hyperonymy
Homonym signifiant(Sound)=same signifie(Meaning)=different
same sound different spelling bark(dog) bark(tree)
homophone:the sound is the same spelling different sun/son
homograph: the spelling is same sound different
lead (lid) lead (led)
full homonyms: different word same spelling same sound lie(down)/lie( not true)
Polysemy signifiant(Sound)=same signifie(Meaning)=similar
football( ball) football (sport)
wood (from trees) woods (a group of trees)
Hypernymy (super)
hyponymy (sub)
Superordinate Flower
Subordinate Tulip
what is the Principle of compositionality?
the meaning of a complex sentence is determined by the meanings of its parts and the rules used to combine them. similiar to math (bob ate the apple) can be composed (like math) to find the meaning
what is semantic costituent?
any part of a sentence that bears a meaning and combines with the meanings of other constituents
what are two conditions of a lexical unit?
it must represent form and meaning of a lexeme
what is semantics
The study of meaning in human language
languge is devided into 3 parts
Sounds: phontics & phonology
Form: words= morphology phrases/clauses= Syntax
Meaning: semantics/ pragmatics
colorless green ideas sleep furiously
chomsky: grammatically correct but doesn’t make sense = need for semantics
prescriptive vs descriptive language
should vs actuality and example of semantics
can i go to the wc presciptive/wrong may i
vs
may i go to the wc desciptive /its ok
language semantics
what is similiar and what is different about languages
thoery of semantics
- Sentence meaning vs speaker meaning
- contextualized meaning
- Knowledge problem
- Individual differences
- circularity
circularity
coffee:
word level problems: ( the definition requires further defining or very word in the creating a circular effect. or constant defining back and forth fro a lexical source
a differnce in type
b color
c taste
d temperature
soluton: code meta language( numbers or algorythims)