LEWIS Chapter 62: Nursing Assessment: Musculoskeletal

Question 0

This is the resistance of movement of muscle or joint as a result of fibrosis of supporting soft tissues. What is this defined as?

Answer 0

Contracture

Question 1

This is the stiffness and fixation of a joint. What is this defined as?

Answer 1

Ankylosis

Question 2

This is the frequent, audible crackling sound with palpable grating that accompanies movement. What is this defined as?

Answer 2

Crepitation

Question 3

This can be caused by poor posture, tuberculosis, arthritis, osteoporosis, growth disturbance of vertebral epiphyses. What is this defined as?

Answer 3

Kyphosis

Question 4

This is the flabby appearance of muscle leading to decreased function and tone. What is this defined as?

Answer 4

Atrophy

Question 6

This increases the tension within a muscle but does not produce movement. What is this defined as?

Answer 6

Isometric contractions

Question 7

1. This is also known as Crepitus.
2. This is also known as ROM.
3. This is also known as Dowager’s Hump.
4. This is also known as Swayback.
5. This is also known as a Roentgenogram.
6. This is also known as a Haversian system.
   What are these defined as?

Answer 7

1. Crepitation
2. Range of Motion Exercises
3. Kyphosis
4. Lordosis
5. X-Ray
6. Osteons

Question 8

After anesthesia has been administered, a large-bore needle is inserted into the joint, and the joint is distended with fluid or air. When the arthroscope is inserted, the surgeon is able to perform extensive, accurate visualization of the joint cavity. Photographs or videotapes can be made through the scope, and a biopsy of the synovium or cartilage can be obtained. Torn tissue can be repaired through arthroscopic surgery, eliminating the need for a larger incision and greatly decreasing the recovery time. What is this defined as?

Answer 8

Arthroscopy

Question 9

This is an asymmetric scapulae and shoulders, exaggerated lumbar curvature. What is this defined as?

Answer 9

Lordosis

Question 10

When assessing the patient’s joint mobility, carefully evaluate both active and passive full movement potential of a joint. Measurements should be similar for both active and passive maneuvers. What is this defined as?

Answer 10

Range of Motion

Question 11

This shortens a muscle to produce movement. Most contractions are a combination of tension generation and shortening. What is this defined as?

Answer 11

Isotonic contractions

Question 12

This is a lateral S-shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Unequal shoulder and scapula height is usually noted when the patient is observed from the back. What is this defined as?

Answer 12

Scoliosis

Question 13

This can be caused by chronic joint inflammation and destruction (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis). What is this defined as?

Answer 13

Ankylosis

Question 14

This is the most common diagnostic study used to assess musculoskeletal problems and to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. Because bones are denser than other tissues, these do not penetrate them. What is this defined as?

Answer 14

X-Ray

Question 16

This can be caused secondary to other spinal deformities, muscular dystrophy, obesity, flexion contracture of hip, and congenital dislocation of hip. What is this defined as?

Answer 16

Lordosis

Question 17

Bone is classified according to structure as cortical (compact and dense) or cancellous (spongy). In cortical bone, cylindric structural units these fit closely together, creating a dense bone structure. What is this defined as?

Answer 17

Osteons

Question 18

This can be caused by muscle denervation, contracture, prolonged disuse as a result of immobilization. What is this defined as?

Answer 18

Atrophy

Question 18

This can be caused by shortening of muscle or ligaments, tightness of soft tissue, incorrect positioning of immobilized extremity. What is this defined as?

Answer 18

Contracture

Question 19

This can be caused by fracture, dislocation, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, osteoarthritis. What is this defined as?

Answer 19

Crepitation

Question 22

This is a procedure involving joint aspiration. This is usually performed for synovial fluid analysis. It may also be done to remove fluid from joints to relieve pain. What is this defined as?

Answer 22

Arthrocentesis

Question 22

This is an exaggerated thoracic curvature. What is this defined as?

Answer 22

Kyphosis

Question 22

Repeating this type of contractions make muscles grow larger and stronger. What is this defined as?

Answer 22

Isometric Contractions