Chapter 47: Mobility and Immobility

Question 1

This is the kind or amount of exercise or work that a person is able to perform. What is this defined as?

Answer 1

Activity tolerance

Question 2

These are body measures of height, weight, and skinfolds to evaluate muscle atrophy. What is this defined as?

Answer 2

Anthropometric measurements

Question 3

This occurs when there is a collapse of alveoli, preventing the normal respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. What is this defined as?

Answer 3

Atelectasis

Question 4

This is a Drs order of placement of the patient in bed for therapeutic reasons for a prescribed period. What is this defined as?

Answer 4

Bed rest

Question 5

This occurs when the individual’s center of gravity is stable. What is this defined as?

Answer 5

Body alignment

Question 6

The is used to describe the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system. What is this defined as?

Answer 6

Body mechanics

Question 7

This is a group of therapies used to mobilize pulmonary secretions for expectoration. What is this defined as?

Answer 7

Chest physiotherapy (CPT)

Question 8

This is an increased muscle contraction which causes muscle shortening, resulting in movement such as when a pt uses an overhead trapeze to pull up in bed. What is this defined as?

Answer 8

Concrete tension

Question 9

This is the reduction in skeletal mass routinely accompanying immobility or paralysis. What is this defined as?

Answer 9

Disuse osteoporosis

Question 10

This helps control the speed and direction of movement. What is this defined as?

Answer 10

Eccentric tension

Question 11

This is a dislodged venous thrombus that can travel through the circulatory system to the lungs and impair circulation and oxygenation. What is this defined as?

Answer 11

Embolus

Question 12

This activity requires physical effort, carried out especially to sustain or improve health and fitness. What is this defined as?

Answer 12

Exercise

Question 13

This is an abnormal neuromuscular condition of the lower leg and foot characterized by an inability to dorsiflex, or evert, the foot. What is this defined as?

Answer 13

Footdrop

Question 14

This is the effect of rubbing or the resistance that a moving body meets from the surface on which it moves; a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement.

Answer 14

Friction

Question 15

This is the manner or style of walking, including rhythm, cadence, and speed. What is this defined as?

Answer 15

Gait

Question 16

This is a device used to transfer people from one position to another, from one thing to another or while ambulating people that have problems with balance. What is this defined as?

Answer 16

gait belt

Question 17

This is muscular weakness or partial paralysis restricted to one side of the body. What is this defined as?

Answer 17

Hemiparesis

Question 18

This is total or partial paralysis of one side of the body that results from disease of or injury to the motor centers of the brain. What is this defined as?

Answer 18

Hemiplegia

Question 19

This is a type of pneumonia that results from fluid accumulation as a result of inactivity. What is this defined as?

Answer 19

Hypostatic pneumonia

Question 20

This is the inability to move about freely; caused by any condition in which movement is impaired or therapeutically restricted. What is this defined as?

Answer 20

Immobility

Question 21

These are activities necessary for independence in society beyond eating, grooming, transferring, and toileting; include such skills as shopping, preparing meals, banking, and taking medications. What is this defined as?

Answer 21

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)

Question 22

This involves tightening or tensing muscles without moving body parts. What is this defined as?

Answer 22

Isometric contraction

Question 23

This is a muscle contraction and change in muscle lengths. What is this defined as?

Answer 23

Isotonic contraction

Question 24

This is an abnormality that may result in permanent condition of a joint; is characterized by flexion and fixation; and is caused by disuse, atrophy, and shortening of muscle fibers and surrounding joint tissue. What is this defined as?

Answer 24

Joint contracture

Question 25

This is an inducing or compelling force and occurs when specific bones such as the humerus, ulna, and radius and the associated joint such as the elbow act together as a lever. What is this defined as?

Answer 25

Leverage

Question 26

This is a maneuver used to turn a reclining patient from one side to the other or completely over without moving the spinal column out of alignment. What is this defined as?

Answer 26

Logroll

Question 27

This is the ability to move in one's environment with ease and without restriction; assessment of this has 3 components: ROM, gait, and exercise. What is this defined as?

Answer 27

Mobility

Question 28

This is the loss of muscle tone and joint stiffness. What is this defined as?

Answer 28

Muscle atrophy

Question 29

This is a normal state of balanced muscle tension. What is this defined as?

Answer 29

Muscle tone

Question 30

This is a condition occurring when the body excretes more nitrogen than it takes in. What is this defined as?

Answer 30

Negative nitrogen balance

Question 31

This is an abnormally low blood pressure occurring when a person stands. What is this defined as?

Answer 31

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 32

This is a disorder characterized by abnormal rarefaction of bone, occurring most frequently in postmenopausal women, sedentary or immobilized individuals, and patients on long-term steroid therapy. What is this defined as?

Answer 32

Osteoporosis

Question 33

This type of fracture results from weakened bone tissue; frequently caused by osteoporosis or neoplasms. What is this defined as?

Answer 33

Pathological fractures

Question 34

This is the position of the body in relation to the surrounding space. What is this defined as?

Answer 34

Posture

Question 35

This is an area of inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence. What is this defined as?

Answer 35

Pressure ulcer

Question 36

This type of exercise measures a joint from maximum extension to maximum flexion as measured in degrees of a circle. What is this defined as?

Answer 36

Range of motion (ROM)

Question 37

These are calcium stones in the renal pelvis. What is this defined as?

Answer 37

Renal calculi

Question 38

This is a force exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move. What is this defined as?

Answer 38

Shear

Question 39

This is the accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and the cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery, sometimes occluding the lumen of the vessel. What is this defined as?

Answer 39

Thrombus

Question 40

This is the metal triangular-shaped bar that can be suspended over a patient’s bed from an overhanging frame; permits patients to move up and down in bed while in traction or some other encumbrance. What is this defined as?

Answer 40

Trapeze bar

Question 41

This is a rolled towel support placed against the hips and upper leg to prevent external rotation of the legs. What is this defined as?

Answer 41

Trochanter roll

Question 42

This is permanent cartilage (not hardened) except in advanced age and diseases such as osteoarthritis. What is this defined as?

Answer 42

Unossified

Question 43

This occurs when peristaltic contractions of the ureters are insufficient to overcome gravity, the renal pelvis fills before urine enters the ureters {fig-9} increases the risk of urinary tract infection and renal calculi. What is this defined as?

Answer 43

Urinary stasis