Chapter 47: Mobility and Immobility Flashcards
This is the kind or amount of exercise or work that a person is able to perform. What is this defined as?
Activity tolerance
These are body measures of height, weight, and skinfolds to evaluate muscle atrophy. What is this defined as?
Anthropometric measurements
This occurs when there is a collapse of alveoli, preventing the normal respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. What is this defined as?
Atelectasis
This is a Drs order of placement of the patient in bed for therapeutic reasons for a prescribed period. What is this defined as?
Bed rest
This occurs when the individual’s center of gravity is stable. What is this defined as?
Body alignment
The is used to describe the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system. What is this defined as?
Body mechanics
This is a group of therapies used to mobilize pulmonary secretions for expectoration. What is this defined as?
Chest physiotherapy (CPT)
This is an increased muscle contraction which causes muscle shortening, resulting in movement such as when a pt uses an overhead trapeze to pull up in bed. What is this defined as?
Concrete tension
This is the reduction in skeletal mass routinely accompanying immobility or paralysis. What is this defined as?
Disuse osteoporosis
This helps control the speed and direction of movement. What is this defined as?
Eccentric tension
This is a dislodged venous thrombus that can travel through the circulatory system to the lungs and impair circulation and oxygenation. What is this defined as?
Embolus
This activity requires physical effort, carried out especially to sustain or improve health and fitness. What is this defined as?
Exercise
This is an abnormal neuromuscular condition of the lower leg and foot characterized by an inability to dorsiflex, or evert, the foot. What is this defined as?
Footdrop
This is the effect of rubbing or the resistance that a moving body meets from the surface on which it moves; a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement.
Friction
This is the manner or style of walking, including rhythm, cadence, and speed. What is this defined as?
Gait
This is a device used to transfer people from one position to another, from one thing to another or while ambulating people that have problems with balance. What is this defined as?
gait belt
This is muscular weakness or partial paralysis restricted to one side of the body. What is this defined as?
Hemiparesis
This is total or partial paralysis of one side of the body that results from disease of or injury to the motor centers of the brain. What is this defined as?
Hemiplegia
This is a type of pneumonia that results from fluid accumulation as a result of inactivity. What is this defined as?
Hypostatic pneumonia
This is the inability to move about freely; caused by any condition in which movement is impaired or therapeutically restricted. What is this defined as?
Immobility
These are activities necessary for independence in society beyond eating, grooming, transferring, and toileting; include such skills as shopping, preparing meals, banking, and taking medications. What is this defined as?
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)
This involves tightening or tensing muscles without moving body parts. What is this defined as?
Isometric contraction
This is a muscle contraction and change in muscle lengths. What is this defined as?
Isotonic contraction
This is an abnormality that may result in permanent condition of a joint; is characterized by flexion and fixation; and is caused by disuse, atrophy, and shortening of muscle fibers and surrounding joint tissue. What is this defined as?
Joint contracture
This is an inducing or compelling force and occurs when specific bones such as the humerus, ulna, and radius and the associated joint such as the elbow act together as a lever. What is this defined as?
Leverage
This is a maneuver used to turn a reclining patient from one side to the other or completely over without moving the spinal column out of alignment. What is this defined as?
Logroll
This is the ability to move in one’s environment with ease and without restriction; assessment of this has 3 components: ROM, gait, and exercise. What is this defined as?
Mobility
This is the loss of muscle tone and joint stiffness. What is this defined as?
Muscle atrophy
This is a normal state of balanced muscle tension. What is this defined as?
Muscle tone
This is a condition occurring when the body excretes more nitrogen than it takes in. What is this defined as?
Negative nitrogen balance
This is an abnormally low blood pressure occurring when a person stands. What is this defined as?
Orthostatic hypotension
This is a disorder characterized by abnormal rarefaction of bone, occurring most frequently in postmenopausal women, sedentary or immobilized individuals, and patients on long-term steroid therapy. What is this defined as?
Osteoporosis
This type of fracture results from weakened bone tissue; frequently caused by osteoporosis or neoplasms. What is this defined as?
Pathological fractures
This is the position of the body in relation to the surrounding space. What is this defined as?
Posture
This is an area of inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence. What is this defined as?
Pressure ulcer
This type of exercise measures a joint from maximum extension to maximum flexion as measured in degrees of a circle. What is this defined as?
Range of motion (ROM)
These are calcium stones in the renal pelvis. What is this defined as?
Renal calculi
This is a force exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move. What is this defined as?
Shear
This is the accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and the cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery, sometimes occluding the lumen of the vessel. What is this defined as?
Thrombus
This is the metal triangular-shaped bar that can be suspended over a patient’s bed from an overhanging frame; permits patients to move up and down in bed while in traction or some other encumbrance. What is this defined as?
Trapeze bar
This is a rolled towel support placed against the hips and upper leg to prevent external rotation of the legs. What is this defined as?
Trochanter roll
This is permanent cartilage (not hardened) except in advanced age and diseases such as osteoarthritis. What is this defined as?
Unossified
This occurs when peristaltic contractions of the ureters are insufficient to overcome gravity, the renal pelvis fills before urine enters the ureters {fig-9} increases the risk of urinary tract infection and renal calculi. What is this defined as?
Urinary stasis
