Levels of Organisation & Life Processes

Question 1

What is Physiology?

Answer 1

The study of function, based on structure

Question 2

What is the Organism Level?

Answer 2

a multi-cellular life form made of organ systems, e.g., a human

Question 3

what is the organ system level?

Answer 3

a group of organs and structures that work together to perform a functions, e.g., the respiratory system

Question 4

what is the organ level?

Answer 4

a group of tissues that form a functioning unit, e.g., kidney

Question 5

what is the tissue level?

Answer 5

a group of cell with similar structure and function, e.g., epithelial tissue

Question 6

what is the cellular level?

Answer 6

“building blocks of life”: basic functional units within a multi-cellular organism, e.g., skeletal muscle cells

Question 7

what is the chemical level?

Answer 7

tiny chemical units that make up cells and are involved in many bodily functions, e.g., hydrogen

Question 8

example of an organ function based on structure

Answer 8

the heart is very muscular, allowing it to contract

Question 9

types of tissue

Answer 9

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue

Question 10

basic overview of epithelial tissue

Answer 10

covers exposed surfaces
lines internal passageways & chambers
forms secretory glands

Question 11

basic overview of connective tissue

Answer 11

fills internal spaces
provides structural support
stores energy

Question 12

basic overview of muscle tissue

Answer 12

contracts to produce movement

includes skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle

Question 13

basic overview of nervous tissue

Answer 13

conducts electrical impulses

carries information

Question 14

functions of epithelial tissue cells

Answer 14

lining of surfaces

form glands

Question 15

functions of connective tissue cells

Answer 15

fills spaces
structural support
stores energy

Question 16

functions of muscle tissue cells

Answer 16

contracts to produce movement

stores energy

Question 17

functions of nervous tissue cells

Answer 17

conducts electrical impulses

communication

Question 18

definition of cells

Answer 18

the smallest living units that carry out all vital physiological functions

Question 19

what is an element?

Answer 19

a pure substance made of only one type of atom

Question 20

what is an atom?

Answer 20

the smallest particle of an element

Question 21

what is a molecule?

Answer 21

made of two or more atoms, either of the same element, or made of different elements (called a compound)

Question 22

basic definition of solids in the body

Answer 22

all structures within all cells of the body

Question 23

basic definition of fluids in the body

Answer 23

all water within and outside of all the cells of the body

Question 24

fat cells vs. muscle cells: which holds more water?

Answer 24

muscle cells hold more water than fat cells

Question 25

bodies with more fat vs. bodies with more muscle: which has more water?

Answer 25

bodies with more fat have less water | bodies with more muscle have more water

Question 26

2 main fluids in the body

Answer 26

``` intracellular fluid (ICF) extracellular fluid (ECF) ```

Question 27

where is intracellular fluid & what % is it of all bodily fluids?

Answer 27

ICF is all the fluid inside cells | 66% of total body fluid

Question 28

where is extracellular fluid & what % is it of all bodily fluids?

Answer 28

ECF is all the fluid outside of cells | 33% of total body fluid

Question 29

two components of extracellular fluid

Answer 29

interstitial fluid | plasma

Question 30

where is interstitial fluid & what % is it of all ECF?

Answer 30

found in between cells | 80% of total ECF

Question 31

where is plasma & what % is it of all ECF?

Answer 31

the watery part of blood | 20% of total ECF

Question 32

2 main communication pathways in the body

Answer 32

nervous system | endocrine system

Question 33

basic definition of nervous system

Answer 33

electrical signals sent along nerve cells to all parts of the body

Question 34

basic definition of endocrine system

Answer 34

chemical signals (hormones) within the bloodstream to all parts of the body