Levels of organisation + Cell structure Flashcards
What is the level of organisation, smallest to biggest
- Organelle
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organism
What is an organelle
A small structure in a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function
What is a tissue
Is a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit.
What is a cell
They are the ‘building blocks of life’, a cell is the smallest unit or structure of a living organism or can be a living organism in itself
What is an organism
Any living system
Name the organelles in plants
- Cell Wall
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus
- Vacuole
- Chloroplast
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
Name the organelles in animals
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
Name the organelles only in plants and not in animal cells
- Cell wall
- Chloroplast
- Vacuole
Role of the Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle which contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.
Role of the cell membrane
The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Role of cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is holds the components of the cell and protects them from damage. It stores the molecules required for cellular processes and is also responsible for giving the cell its shape.
Role of the cell wall
To provide structural strength and support, and also provide a semi-permeable surface for molecules to pass in and out of the cell.
Role of chloroplast
They are where photosynthesis takes place, providing food for the plant. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll pigment, which makes it green, which harvests the light needed for photosynthesis.
What is an organ
Group of different tissues that work together to carry out different functions
Role of mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration, generates the energy needed to power cells
Role of the vacuole
Allows plant cells to store water, and when full it maintains the structure of the cell
What is an organ system
A group of organs with related functions, working together to perform certain functions within the body.
What are stem cells
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to chage into a specialised cell, once it has differentiated it cannot turn back
Role of ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
