Level of structure, cell specialization Flashcards
What are the levels of structural organization of a multicellular organism?
The levels include cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the organism itself.
What does it mean to be a specialized cell?
A specialized cell performs a specific function and has unique structures that enable it to carry out that function.
What is cell differentiation?
Cell differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell, allowing for diverse functions.
What are the defining characteristics of stem cells?
Stem cells have the ability to divide and differentiate into various cell types and can self-renew.
What are the categories of stem cells?
The categories include embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells.
What is the relationship between stem cells and specialized cells?
Stem cells can differentiate into specialized cells, providing the necessary cells for growth and repair.
Why is it necessary for cells to remain small?
Cells must remain small to maintain efficient nutrient uptake, waste removal, and communication.
What are the two aspects of cell size?
The two aspects are volume and surface area.
What is the most important aspect of cell size to consider when comparing cell efficiency?
The surface area-to-volume ratio is the most important aspect for cell efficiency.
What features can increase the surface area of cells?
Features include microvilli and folding of the cell membrane.
What features can organs have to increase surface area?
Organs can have structures like villi, alveoli, and convoluted shapes to increase surface area.
