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Honors Bio > Carbon based molecules > Flashcards

Carbon based molecules Flashcards

1
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

A process where 2 smaller molecules join together to form one large molecule, releasing a water molecule.

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2
Q

What is the function of dehydration synthesis?

A

It is a key process in building larger molecules.

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3
Q

What features help identify a picture of dehydration synthesis?

A

A water molecule being released and a macromolecule being made.

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4
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

A process that involves breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones by adding a water molecule.

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5
Q

What is the function of hydrolysis?

A

It is essential for breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones.

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6
Q

What features help identify a picture of hydrolysis?

A

A water molecule being added and smaller molecules being formed.

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7
Q

Why is carbon important in living things?

A

Carbon is the backbone of organic molecules and is essential for life.

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8
Q

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does carbon have?

A

Carbon has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

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9
Q

What important feature of carbon makes it an important element?

A

Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for a variety of complex structures.

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10
Q

What other elements are found in living things?

A

Common elements include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

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11
Q

What are the elements found in carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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12
Q

What is the term for a carbohydrate monomer?

A

Monosaccharide.

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13
Q

Give an example of a carbohydrate monomer.

A

Glucose.

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14
Q

What is the function of a carbohydrate monomer?

A

To provide energy and serve as building blocks for polysaccharides.

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15
Q

What is the general term for carbohydrate polymers?

A

Polysaccharides.

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16
Q

What are examples of energy transport in carbohydrates?

A

Examples include sucrose and glucose.

17
Q

What are examples of energy storage in carbohydrates?

A

Starch and glycogen.

18
Q

What are structural examples of carbohydrates?

A

Cellulose and chitin.

19
Q

What are the elements found in all lipids?

A

Lipids are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

20
Q

What is the unifying feature of all lipids?

A

They are hydrophobic (water-repelling).

21
Q

What are the functions of fats?

A

Energy storage, insulation, and protection of organs.

22
Q

What are the building blocks for fats?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol.

23
Q

How do the building blocks of fats come together?

A

Through dehydration synthesis reactions.

24
Q

What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats?

A

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

25
Q

Why are some fats liquid and some solid?

A

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats are liquid due to their molecular structure.

26
Q

What are the elements found in all proteins?

A

Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

27
Q

What are the common parts of protein monomers?

A

A central carbon, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable R group.

28
Q

What reaction takes place to bond protein monomers together?

A

Peptide bonds are formed through dehydration synthesis.

29
Q

What are common functions of proteins?

A

Defense, movement, enzymatic activity, regulation, structure, transport, and storage.

30
Q

What does it mean for a protein to become denatured?

A

It means the protein loses its functional shape.

31
Q

What causes a protein to denature?

A

Factors such as heat, pH changes, and chemical exposure.

32
Q

What are the elements found in nucleic acids?

A

Nucleic acids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

33
Q

What are the three parts of nucleic acid monomers?

A

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

34
Q

What is the general function of nucleic acids?

A

To store and transmit genetic information.

35
Q

What are the two main reasons we eat?

A

To obtain energy and essential nutrients.

36
Q

What is ATP and its general importance?

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells.

37
Q

Is ATP found in the food we eat?

A

Yes, ATP is produced during the metabolism of food.

38
Q

What is the difference between a calorie and a Calorie?

A

A calorie (small ‘c’) is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C, while a Calorie (capital ‘C’) is equivalent to 1,000 calories.

Honors Bio (6 decks)

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