Carbon based molecules

Question 1

What is dehydration synthesis?

Answer 1

A process where 2 smaller molecules join together to form one large molecule, releasing a water molecule.

Question 2

What is the function of dehydration synthesis?

Answer 2

It is a key process in building larger molecules.

Question 3

What features help identify a picture of dehydration synthesis?

Answer 3

A water molecule being released and a macromolecule being made.

Question 4

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 4

A process that involves breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones by adding a water molecule.

Question 5

What is the function of hydrolysis?

Answer 5

It is essential for breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones.

Question 6

What features help identify a picture of hydrolysis?

Answer 6

A water molecule being added and smaller molecules being formed.

Question 7

Why is carbon important in living things?

Answer 7

Carbon is the backbone of organic molecules and is essential for life.

Question 8

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does carbon have?

Answer 8

Carbon has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

Question 9

What important feature of carbon makes it an important element?

Answer 9

Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for a variety of complex structures.

Question 10

What other elements are found in living things?

Answer 10

Common elements include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

Question 11

What are the elements found in carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 12

What is the term for a carbohydrate monomer?

Answer 12

Monosaccharide.

Question 13

Give an example of a carbohydrate monomer.

Answer 13

Glucose.

Question 14

What is the function of a carbohydrate monomer?

Answer 14

To provide energy and serve as building blocks for polysaccharides.

Question 15

What is the general term for carbohydrate polymers?

Answer 15

Polysaccharides.

Question 16

What are examples of energy transport in carbohydrates?

Answer 16

Examples include sucrose and glucose.

Question 17

What are examples of energy storage in carbohydrates?

Answer 17

Starch and glycogen.

Question 18

What are structural examples of carbohydrates?

Answer 18

Cellulose and chitin.

Question 19

What are the elements found in all lipids?

Answer 19

Lipids are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 20

What is the unifying feature of all lipids?

Answer 20

They are hydrophobic (water-repelling).

Question 21

What are the functions of fats?

Answer 21

Energy storage, insulation, and protection of organs.

Question 22

What are the building blocks for fats?

Answer 22

Fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 23

How do the building blocks of fats come together?

Answer 23

Through dehydration synthesis reactions.

Question 24

What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 24

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

Question 25

Why are some fats liquid and some solid?

Answer 25

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats are liquid due to their molecular structure.

Question 26

What are the elements found in all proteins?

Answer 26

Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Question 27

What are the common parts of protein monomers?

Answer 27

A central carbon, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable R group.

Question 28

What reaction takes place to bond protein monomers together?

Answer 28

Peptide bonds are formed through dehydration synthesis.

Question 29

What are common functions of proteins?

Answer 29

Defense, movement, enzymatic activity, regulation, structure, transport, and storage.

Question 30

What does it mean for a protein to become denatured?

Answer 30

It means the protein loses its functional shape.

Question 31

What causes a protein to denature?

Answer 31

Factors such as heat, pH changes, and chemical exposure.

Question 32

What are the elements found in nucleic acids?

Answer 32

Nucleic acids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

Question 33

What are the three parts of nucleic acid monomers?

Answer 33

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 34

What is the general function of nucleic acids?

Answer 34

To store and transmit genetic information.

Question 35

What are the two main reasons we eat?

Answer 35

To obtain energy and essential nutrients.

Question 36

What is ATP and its general importance?

Answer 36

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells.

Question 37

Is ATP found in the food we eat?

Answer 37

Yes, ATP is produced during the metabolism of food.

Question 38

What is the difference between a calorie and a Calorie?

Answer 38

A calorie (small 'c') is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C, while a Calorie (capital 'C') is equivalent to 1,000 calories.