level of organisation Flashcards
What are organelles?
Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions (e.g., nucleus, mitochondria).
What are cells?
The basic unit of life, where all life processes occur (e.g., muscle cells, nerve cells).
What are tissues?
Groups of similar cells working together to perform a particular function (e.g., muscle tissue, nervous tissue).
What are organs?
Structures made of different tissues that work together to perform specific functions (e.g., heart, lungs).
What are organ systems?
Groups of organs that work together to carry out complex bodily functions (e.g., circulatory system, digestive system).
Why is the hierarchical organisation important in living organisms?
A: The hierarchical organisation allows organisms to efficiently carry out different life processes, ensuring that each level performs its specific role to maintain homeostasis and overall functionality.
Can you give an example of the levels of organisation in the human body?
A: For example, in the circulatory system:
Organelles: Mitochondria in heart cells provide energy for contraction.
Cells: Red blood cells transport oxygen.
Tissues: Cardiac muscle tissue contracts to pump blood.
Organs: The heart pumps blood throughout the body.
Organ System: The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.
How does the structure of each level relate to its function?
A: The structure of each level is adapted to its function. For example:
Organelles: The mitochondria have a folded inner membrane (cristae) to increase the surface area for respiration.
Cells: Red blood cells are biconcave and lack a nucleus to increase oxygen-carrying capacity.
Tissues: Muscle tissue is made of elongated cells that can contract to produce movement.
Organs: The lungs have alveoli with thin walls and a large surface area for efficient gas exchange.
Organ Systems: The digestive system has organs with specialized roles, like the stomach for breaking down food and the small intestine for nutrient absorption.
sequence of organisation
Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ
