2b: Cell structure Flashcards
What are the main structures found in animal and plant cells?
A: The main cell structures include:
Nucleus: Controls cell activities and contains genetic material (DNA).
Cytoplasm: Site of chemical reactions, containing enzymes.
Cell Membrane: Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Mitochondria: Site of aerobic respiration, producing energy (ATP).
Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis.
Additional structures found in plant cells:
Cell Wall: Made of cellulose, provides structural support and protection.
Chloroplasts: Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
Vacuole: Contains cell sap, helps maintain cell rigidity.
What are the functions of nucleus
Nucleus: Stores DNA and controls gene expression.
What are the functions of cyroplasm
Cytoplasm: Supports organelles and allows transport within the cell.
What are the functions of cell membrain
Cell Membrane: Acts as a selective barrier, maintaining homeostasis.
What are the functions of Mitochondira
Mitochondria: Generate ATP through cellular respiration.
What are the functions Ribosomes
Ribosomes: Assemble amino acids into proteins.
What are the functions of cell wall
Cell Wall (plants): Prevents the cell from bursting due to osmotic pressure.
What are the functions of chloroplasts
Chloroplasts (plants): Capture light energy for photosynthesis.
What are the functions of Vacuole
Vacuole (plants): Stores nutrients and waste products, maintaining turgor pressure.
What are the similarities between plant and animal cells?A:
Similarities: Both have a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes.
what are the differences betwen plan and animal cell
Differences: Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, which animal cells do not.
Why are mitochondria and ribosomes essential for cell function?A:
Mitochondria: Produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell, essential for all life processes.
Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins that are crucial for growth, repair, and enzyme production.
How does the structure of a cell relate to its function?
A: Each structure is adapted to perform its role efficiently. For example, mitochondria have a folded inner membrane (cristae) to increase the surface area for energy production, while the cell membrane is selectively permeable to regulate the cell’s internal environment.
