Level 4 D1 Chap 1 - The Vine

Question 1

Question

Answer 1

Answer

Question 2

What are the key vine species, their origin and their primary use?

Answer 2

Eurasian, predominantly for grape production:
- Vitis vinifera

North America varieties, predominantly for rootstock:

• Vitis labrusca
• Vitis riparia
• Vitis berlandieri
• Vitis rupestris

Question 3

Name the main structural groups in a vine

Answer 3

4 main groups:

• main shoots/stems
• one year old wood
• permanent wood
• roots

Question 4

Name the main structure of vine shoots

Answer 4

• the shoot itself
• buds
• leaves
• tendrils
• lateral shoots
• inflorescences/grape bunches

Question 5

List the primary purposes of the shoot

Answer 5

• primary support structure
• transport of water and soluables
• carbohydrate store

Question 6

Lignifying is the process by which _____ become _____

Answer 6

Lignifying is the process by which SHOOTS become CANES

Lignifying turns wood from green to brown

Question 7

______ is the process by which shoots become canes

Answer 7

LIGNIFYING is the process by which shoots become canes

Question 8

What are the types of buds?

Answer 8

Compound buds (or latent buds) form in one season and break open the next. They are supported by secondary and tertiary buds in case of frost/damage

Prompt buds form and break open in the same season and produce lateral shoots

Question 9

What are lateral shoots? What is the impact of lateral shoots? Name a grape variety which typically has them? How are they typically managed?

Answer 9

Lateral shoots are from buds that formed that season.

They can give rise to too much shade/vegetation, and potentially a secondary crop with later ripening.

Pinot Noir

They are often summer pruned to focus ripening on primary shoot structures

Question 10

_____ is a cluster of flowers that becomes grapes during the process of ________

Answer 10

An INFLORESCENCE is a cluster of flowers that becomes grapes during the process of FRUIT SET

Question 11

Name the key parts of a grape (and grape cluster) and the attributes they can bring to wine

Answer 11

Pulp - contains water, sugar, acid and some aroma compounds and aroma precursors

Seed - tannins

Skin - aroma compounds, aroma precursors, tannins, colour

Bloom - naturally occurring yeasts

Stem - tannin

Question 12

What structures are one year old wood pruned into?

Answer 12

Replacement cane: 8-20

spur: 2-3 buds

Question 13

What structures can permanent wood be shaped into?

Answer 13

Trunk - vertical

Cordons - horizontal

Question 14

What are the key functions of roots?

Answer 14

• Anchor the vine
• Uptake of water and nutrients
• Store of carbohydrates
• Hormone production

Question 15

What are main methods of vine selection and propagation within a single variety?

Answer 15

Layering - no selection, adjacent vines are used to plug gaps in vineyard

Clonal selection - typically cutting

Mass selection- typically cutting

Question 16

What are the main methods of selection and propagation of new grape varieties? Give an example of each

Answer 16

Cross fertilisation - pollen from one vine is transferred to stamen of a different vine. Two vines - Same species (e.g., vitis vinifera) Examples: Cab. Sav. from Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Franc;

Hybridisation - pollen from one species is transferred to stamen of a different species. e.g. Vidal Blanc from Ugni Blanc (vinifera) and Seibel