Leukopenia/Leukocytosis etc

Question 1

What are the 2 buffers for neutrophils?

Answer 1

mature neutrophils stored in the bone marrow
part of the blood neutrophils marginated

Question 2

How many days can the bone marrow neutrophil storage supply in dogs?

Answer 2

5 days

Question 3

List 5 factors that can stimulate neutrophil production by the bone marrow

Answer 3

• granulocyte colony stimulating factor
• granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor
• IL-3
• IL-6
• FLT 3

Question 4

List toxic changes seen in neutrophils

Answer 4

cytoplasmic basophilia
Doehle bodies
giant cells/giantism
vacuolation

Question 5

What percentage of total blood neutrophils resides in the marginated pool in dogs versus cats?

Answer 5

50% dogs
70% cats

Question 6

List 2 hormones that can cause demargination. How can you differentiate the 2 on a leukogram?

Answer 6

epinephrine
corticosteroids

epinephrine should cause a concurrent lymphocytosis, corticosteroids the opposite

Question 7

Define nuclear hypersegmentation. What is its cause and what are differentials for it?

Answer 7

4 or more distinct nuclear lobes
can be caused by
* chronic inflammation
* hyperadrenocorticism
* steroid therapy

caused by prolonged transit time in circulation (old neutrophils)

Question 8

What are the most common causes for neutropenia in dogs and cats?

Answer 8

infectious (dogs parvo, cats FeLV, FIV) 52%

others: sepsis or drug-induced both 11%

Question 9

Does lymphopenia predispose to infection?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

What are the most common causes of lymphopenia in dogs and cats?

Answer 10

stress leukogram
chronic loss of lymph (e.g., chylothorax)

Question 11

List differentials for lymphocytosis

Answer 11

epinephrine/fear
chronic ehrlichiosis
chronic lymphocytic leukemia