Chemotherapy complications Flashcards

1
Q

What are risk factors for tumor lysis syndrome?

A
  • high tumor burden
  • very treatment responsive tumor (tend to be hematologic, e.g., lymphoma)
  • preexisting renal diseas
  • dehydration
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2
Q

What are the clinical features of tumor lysis syndrome?

A

hours to days after chemotherapy - up to 5-7 days after

  • hyperkalemia
  • hyperphosphatemia
  • metabolic acidosis
  • AKI
  • hypocalcemia secondary to high P
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3
Q

How soon after chemotherapy administration does neutropenia from myeolosuppression typically occur?

A

7-10 days

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4
Q

Which chemotherapy causes cardiotoxicity and what heart changes are seen?

A

Doxorubicin induced changes similar to DCM

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5
Q

How do you manage perivascular administration of doxorubicin

A
  1. stop infusion
  2. withdraw as much as possible from the catheter
  3. cold pack area
  4. infuse dexrazoxane IV
  5. check site every other day for at least 10 days
  6. treat local reactions symptomatically as appropriate
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6
Q

How do you manage accidental extravasation of Vincristine or Vinblastine?

A
  1. stop infusion
  2. withdraw as much as possible from catheter
  3. warm compress
  4. consider local infiltration of hyaluronidase or alternatively 0.9% NaCl
  5. treat local reactions symptomatically as appropriate
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7
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms by which chemotherapy causes GI signs?

A

nausea via the chemoreceptor trigger zone

diarrhea via intestinal crypt stem cell injury

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8
Q

Which chemotherapy is known to cause frequent hepatotoxicity?

A

CCNU

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9
Q

Why should 5-Flourouracil and Cisplastin never be administered in cats?

A

5-FU –> severe neurotoxicity - fatal reactions with excitability, blindness, tremors, dysmetria, death

Cisplastin –> fatal pulmonary edema

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10
Q

Which drug causes sterile hemorrhagic cystitis in dogs?

A

Cyclophosphamide

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