Leukopenia And Leukocytosis Flashcards
What causes infectious mononucleosis? Where is the infection?
EBV infection (saliva transmission in teens) that results in a lymphocytic leukocytosis comprised of reactive CD8+ T cells. CMV is less common cause. Primarily infects oropharynx, liver (hepatitis with hepatomegaly and increased liver enzymes) and B cells.
What does the monospot test do? How long does it take to get results? What does a negative result mean? How is a definite diagnosis made?
Detects IgM antibodies from Infectious Mononucleosis that cross react with horse or sheep RBCs.
Turn positive within 1 week after infection
CMV as possible cause of IM.
Serologic testing of the viral capsid antigen.
What is the manifestation of CD8+ T cell response?
Generalized lymphadenopathy due to T cell hyperplasia in the lymph node paracortex
Splenomegaly due to T cell hyperplasia in the periarterial lymphatic sheaths (PALS)
High WBC count with atypical lymphocytes (reactive CD8+ T cells) in the blood.
What causes neutropenia? How is it treated?
Drug toxicity which damages stem cells; severs infection that decreases the number of circulating neutrophils.
Tx is with GM-CSF or G-CSF to boost Granulocytes production
What causes lymphopenia?
Immunodeficiency, high cortisol state, autoimmune destruction, whole body radiation.
What causes lymphocytic LEUKOCYTOSIS? Basophilia?
Viral infections and Bordetella pertussis infection which produces a factor that prevents lymphocytes from leaving the blood stream.
Basophilic due to CML.
What causes monocytosis? Eosinophilia?
Monocytosis - chronic inflammatory states and malignancy
Eosinophilia - allergic reactions (type 1 hypersensitivity) , parasitic infections, Hodgkin lymphoma.
What 2 things cause neutrophilic leukocytosis? What kind of shift is it? How are the released cells characterized?
Bacterial infection or tissue necrosis induce release of marginated pool and bone marrow neutrophils, including immature forms that have a decreased Fc receptors (CD16). Left shift.
High cortisol state which impairs leukocyte adhesion and leads to release of margin aged pool of neutrophils.
