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Blood and Lymph Mine > Leukemias Unit 2 > Flashcards

Leukemias Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Categories of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas

A
  1. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)/Small Lymphocytic Leukemia (SLL)
  2. Follicular Lymphoma (FL)
  3. Mantle Cell Lymphoma
  4. Burkitt Lymphoma
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2
Q

Subcategories of Burkitt Lymphoma

A
  1. endemic
  2. sporadic
  3. immunodeficiency associated
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3
Q

Categories of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

A
  1. Nodular Sclerosis
  2. Lymphocyte Depletion
  3. Lymphocyte Rich
  4. Mixed Cellularity
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4
Q

Categories of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

A
  1. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
  2. Polycythemia Vera (PV)
  3. Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF)
  4. Essential Thrombocytopenia (ET)
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5
Q

Categories of Plasma Cell Lymphomas/Neoplasms

A
  1. Extraosseous
  2. Plasma Cell Myeloma (multiple myeloma)
  3. Solitary Plasma Cytoma
  4. Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)
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6
Q
  1. deletion of 13q14
  2. trisomy chromosome 12
  3. deletion of 11q22-q23
  4. deletion of 17p13
A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL)

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7
Q

IGH/BCL2

t(14;18)(q23;q21)

A

Follicular Lymphoma (FL)

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8
Q

IGH/BCL1

t(11;14)(q13;q32)

A

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

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9
Q

IGH/MYC
t(8;14)(q24;q23)
T(15;17)

A

Burkitt Lymphoma

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10
Q

BCR/ABL1

t(9;22)(

A
  1. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

2. B-ALL

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11
Q

JAK2

A
  1. Polycythemia Vera (PV)- 99% of cases
  2. Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF)-50% of cases
  3. Essential Thrombocytopenia (ET)- 50% of cases
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12
Q

MLL

t(11;23)

A
  1. B-ALL

2. Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML)- kids, bad prognosis

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13
Q

ETV6 Runx1

A

B-ALL

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14
Q

Runx1Runx1

A

Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML)- kids, favorable prognosis

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15
Q

RBM/MKL

A

Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia- (AML)- down syndrome, good prognosis, kids

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16
Q

PML/RARA t(15;17)

A

Acute Promyeloblastic Leukemia (APL)- adults, good prognosis, -tx w/ ATRA

17
Q

CBFB/MYH

A

Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML)- kids, basoeos

18
Q

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL)

A
  • Avg Age: 65
  • Sex: more common in males
  • Immunophenotype: positive (CD5, CD19, CD23), weakly positive (CD20, surface immunoglobulin), negative (CD10, FMC7)
  • Cytogenetics: deletion 13q14, trisomy chr. 12, deletion 11q22-q23, deletion 17p13
  • Rate: indolent
19
Q

Follicular Lymphoma (FL)

A
  • Cell Affected: germinal center B cells
  • Imunophenotype: BCL2
  • Cytogenetics: IGH/BCL2
  • Rate: indolent
20
Q

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

A
  • Avg. Age: 60
  • Sex: Males
  • Immunophenotype: cyclin D1 (BCL1)
  • Cytogenetics: IGH/BCL1
  • Rate: intermediate
21
Q

Burkitt Lymphoma

A
  • Avg Age: 4-7
  • Immunophenotype: CD10, CD19, CD20, BCL6, MYC (negative for CD5, CD23)
  • Cytogenetics: IGH/MYC
  • Appearance: starry sky due to histocytes
  • Rate: aggressive
22
Q

CHL- Nodular Sclerosis

A
  • Avg Age: young adult
  • Sex: women
  • Immunophenotype: CD15, CD30
  • Appearance: RS cells, thick fibrotic bands, architectural effacement
  • Cause: EBV (10-25% of cases)
23
Q

CHL- Lymphocyte Depletion

A
  • Immunophenotype: CD15, CD30
  • Appearance: RS cells, few lymphocytes
  • Cause: EBV
24
Q

CHL- Lymphocyte Rich

A
  • Immunophenotype: CD15, CD30
  • Appearance: RS cells, mosly lymphocytes
  • Cause: EBV
25
Q

CHL- Mixed Cellularity

A
  • Avg. Age: kids, and old people
  • Immunophenotype: CD15, CD30
  • Appearance: RS cells, mixed lymphocytes and eosinophils, no fibrosis
  • Cause: EBV
26
Q

MPN- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

A

-Cytogenetics: MUST have BCR/ABL

Tx: imatinib (gleevac)

27
Q

MPN- Polycythemia Vera (PV)

A
  • Cells Affected: trilineage (erythro, neutro, mega)
  • Immunopathology: JAK2
  • Cytogenetics: JAK2 (99% cases)
  • Clotting common in splenic v, hepatic portal v, and mesenteric
  • Tx: serial phlebotomy
28
Q

MPN- Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF)

A
  • Cells Affected: neutro, mega

- Cytogenetics: JAK2 (50% cases)

29
Q

MPN- Essential Thrombocytopenia

A
  • Cells Affected: thrombocytes

- Cytogenetics: JAK2 (50% cases)

30
Q

PCN- Extraosseous

A
  • Location: outside of bone (respiratory tract common)

- Avg Age: old people

31
Q

PCN- Plasma Cell Myeloma (Multiple Myeloma)

A

-Location: bone marrow
-Signs:
C (hypercalcemia)
R (renal insufficiency)
A (anemia)
B (bone lesions)
-Avg. Age: old people
-Appearance: M protein in serum or urine (rouleaux RBCs)

32
Q

PCN- Solitary Plasma Cytoma

A
  • Avg Age: old people

- Appearance: single bone lesion

33
Q

PCN- Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Signifinace (MGUS)

A
  • Avg Age: old people
  • Incidence: very common
  • Appearance: M protein in serum or urine (rouleaux cells), NO bone lesions
  • Prognosis: may transform to plasma cell myeloma
34
Q

B- Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

A
  • Cytogenetics: t(12;21) in kids w/ good prognosis, BCR/ABL in adults w/ bad prognosis, MLL, ETV6 RUNx1 in kids w/ good prognosis
  • Tdt
  • Hyperdiploidy has better prognosis than hypodiploidy
35
Q

T-Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

A
  • Avg. Age: teenagers
  • Sex: males
  • Causes: human T cell virus
  • Appearance: thymic mass (mediastinum)
  • Tdt
36
Q

Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML)

A

Avg. Age: 65

  • Appearance: auer rods due to MPO
  • Cytogenetics: Runx1Runx1 kids w/ good prognosis, RBM/MKL down syndrome good prognosis in kids, MLL kids w/ bad prognosis, PML/RARA in adults w/ good prognosis, CBFC/MYH in kids w/basoeos
  • Other Causes: can be tx associated (alkylation/radiation vs topoisomerase)
  • PML: increased risk of DIC, treatment with ATRA
37
Q

Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

A
  • Preleukemia
  • Avg. Age: older pts
  • Diagnosis: <20% blasts, smear w/ abnormal and ineffective cells
  • Appearance: ineffective myeloid cells
  • Cause:
    primary: idiopathic (no known cause), secondary (to tx such as radition/alkylation)

Blood and Lymph Mine (7 decks)

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