Leukemias Unit 2 Flashcards
Categories of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)/Small Lymphocytic Leukemia (SLL)
- Follicular Lymphoma (FL)
- Mantle Cell Lymphoma
- Burkitt Lymphoma
Subcategories of Burkitt Lymphoma
- endemic
- sporadic
- immunodeficiency associated
Categories of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Nodular Sclerosis
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Lymphocyte Rich
- Mixed Cellularity
Categories of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
- Polycythemia Vera (PV)
- Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF)
- Essential Thrombocytopenia (ET)
Categories of Plasma Cell Lymphomas/Neoplasms
- Extraosseous
- Plasma Cell Myeloma (multiple myeloma)
- Solitary Plasma Cytoma
- Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)
- deletion of 13q14
- trisomy chromosome 12
- deletion of 11q22-q23
- deletion of 17p13
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL)
IGH/BCL2
t(14;18)(q23;q21)
Follicular Lymphoma (FL)
IGH/BCL1
t(11;14)(q13;q32)
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
IGH/MYC
t(8;14)(q24;q23)
T(15;17)
Burkitt Lymphoma
BCR/ABL1
t(9;22)(
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
2. B-ALL
JAK2
- Polycythemia Vera (PV)- 99% of cases
- Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF)-50% of cases
- Essential Thrombocytopenia (ET)- 50% of cases
MLL
t(11;23)
- B-ALL
2. Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML)- kids, bad prognosis
ETV6 Runx1
B-ALL
Runx1Runx1
Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML)- kids, favorable prognosis
RBM/MKL
Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia- (AML)- down syndrome, good prognosis, kids
PML/RARA t(15;17)
Acute Promyeloblastic Leukemia (APL)- adults, good prognosis, -tx w/ ATRA
CBFB/MYH
Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML)- kids, basoeos
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL)
- Avg Age: 65
- Sex: more common in males
- Immunophenotype: positive (CD5, CD19, CD23), weakly positive (CD20, surface immunoglobulin), negative (CD10, FMC7)
- Cytogenetics: deletion 13q14, trisomy chr. 12, deletion 11q22-q23, deletion 17p13
- Rate: indolent
Follicular Lymphoma (FL)
- Cell Affected: germinal center B cells
- Imunophenotype: BCL2
- Cytogenetics: IGH/BCL2
- Rate: indolent
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
- Avg. Age: 60
- Sex: Males
- Immunophenotype: cyclin D1 (BCL1)
- Cytogenetics: IGH/BCL1
- Rate: intermediate
Burkitt Lymphoma
- Avg Age: 4-7
- Immunophenotype: CD10, CD19, CD20, BCL6, MYC (negative for CD5, CD23)
- Cytogenetics: IGH/MYC
- Appearance: starry sky due to histocytes
- Rate: aggressive
CHL- Nodular Sclerosis
- Avg Age: young adult
- Sex: women
- Immunophenotype: CD15, CD30
- Appearance: RS cells, thick fibrotic bands, architectural effacement
- Cause: EBV (10-25% of cases)
CHL- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Immunophenotype: CD15, CD30
- Appearance: RS cells, few lymphocytes
- Cause: EBV
CHL- Lymphocyte Rich
- Immunophenotype: CD15, CD30
- Appearance: RS cells, mosly lymphocytes
- Cause: EBV
CHL- Mixed Cellularity
- Avg. Age: kids, and old people
- Immunophenotype: CD15, CD30
- Appearance: RS cells, mixed lymphocytes and eosinophils, no fibrosis
- Cause: EBV
MPN- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
-Cytogenetics: MUST have BCR/ABL
Tx: imatinib (gleevac)
MPN- Polycythemia Vera (PV)
- Cells Affected: trilineage (erythro, neutro, mega)
- Immunopathology: JAK2
- Cytogenetics: JAK2 (99% cases)
- Clotting common in splenic v, hepatic portal v, and mesenteric
- Tx: serial phlebotomy
MPN- Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF)
- Cells Affected: neutro, mega
- Cytogenetics: JAK2 (50% cases)
MPN- Essential Thrombocytopenia
- Cells Affected: thrombocytes
- Cytogenetics: JAK2 (50% cases)
PCN- Extraosseous
- Location: outside of bone (respiratory tract common)
- Avg Age: old people
PCN- Plasma Cell Myeloma (Multiple Myeloma)
-Location: bone marrow
-Signs:
C (hypercalcemia)
R (renal insufficiency)
A (anemia)
B (bone lesions)
-Avg. Age: old people
-Appearance: M protein in serum or urine (rouleaux RBCs)
PCN- Solitary Plasma Cytoma
- Avg Age: old people
- Appearance: single bone lesion
PCN- Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Signifinace (MGUS)
- Avg Age: old people
- Incidence: very common
- Appearance: M protein in serum or urine (rouleaux cells), NO bone lesions
- Prognosis: may transform to plasma cell myeloma
B- Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
- Cytogenetics: t(12;21) in kids w/ good prognosis, BCR/ABL in adults w/ bad prognosis, MLL, ETV6 RUNx1 in kids w/ good prognosis
- Tdt
- Hyperdiploidy has better prognosis than hypodiploidy
T-Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
- Avg. Age: teenagers
- Sex: males
- Causes: human T cell virus
- Appearance: thymic mass (mediastinum)
- Tdt
Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML)
Avg. Age: 65
- Appearance: auer rods due to MPO
- Cytogenetics: Runx1Runx1 kids w/ good prognosis, RBM/MKL down syndrome good prognosis in kids, MLL kids w/ bad prognosis, PML/RARA in adults w/ good prognosis, CBFC/MYH in kids w/basoeos
- Other Causes: can be tx associated (alkylation/radiation vs topoisomerase)
- PML: increased risk of DIC, treatment with ATRA
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
- Preleukemia
- Avg. Age: older pts
- Diagnosis: <20% blasts, smear w/ abnormal and ineffective cells
- Appearance: ineffective myeloid cells
- Cause:
primary: idiopathic (no known cause), secondary (to tx such as radition/alkylation)
