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MyReview Step > Leukemias > Flashcards

Leukemias Flashcards

1
Q

Acute leukemia

A

Abnormal proliferstion of precursors

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2
Q

Chronic leukemia

A

Abnormal proliferation of mature cells

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3
Q

L stands for

A

Lymphoblasts

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4
Q

M Stands for

A

Myeloid line of stem cells

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5
Q

Most of our lymphocytes are

A

B cells

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6
Q

AML

A

Acute myelobkastic leukemia, bunch of myelobkasts precursors

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7
Q

Myelogenous or myelobkastic

A

Mature myeloid cells proliferating

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8
Q

ALL

A

Acute, in bone marrow or precursors, abnormal of lymphoblasts, all that exists I. Bone marrow are lymphoblasts. No room for myeloid line to proliferate. So deficiency in myeloid cells, some red blood cells but so squeezed that get liched off on way out of bone which look like tear drop.

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9
Q

Thrombocytopenia shows as

A

Superficial bleeding, increased bleeding tume

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10
Q

ALL occurs in

A

Children

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11
Q

AML

A

Myeloid are abnormally proliferating, crows out bc so li has off as exiting so tear drops cells, those myeloid blasts NEVER differentiate into normal cells so you get petechial bleeding.

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12
Q

Fever, night sweats, petechial bleeding, bone pain, hepatisplenomegaly, enlarged Ln

A

Leukemia patients

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13
Q

Greater than 30% lymphoblasts in blood, children

A

ALL

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14
Q

Chrom deletion or somatic hyoermutation, scant cytoplasms, hepatosplenomegaly, Lymohocytosis (lots of lymphocytes), 20-30% have thrombocytopenia,, male adults (average age of Dx is 70 years old)

A

CLL

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15
Q

AML

A

Acute, bone marrow, myelobkastic proliferate, the myeloblasts differentiate into something that proliferates. Ex, an erythroblasts proliferates. auer rods are pathognomonic. Echymosis, petechial. Greater than 30% myelobkasts. Occurs in adults (average age is 67) range is from 0 to elderly.

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16
Q

CML

A

Myelogenous line is abnormally proliferating, Philadelphia chromosome, hypecelukar marriw, elevated eosinophils and basophils, massively increased WBC count (more than 200k), mature myeloid are seen in periphery, average age is 60-65

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17
Q

Auer rods

A

AML

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18
Q

Azurophikic granular material forming elongated needles in cytoplasm of leukemia blasts

A

Auer rods in AML

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19
Q

Sudan strains for

A

Fat

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20
Q

Sudan black stains positive in

A

Myeloblasts for AML

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21
Q

Translocation for AML variant M3

A

Translocation 15;17

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22
Q

Blast cells are seen in

A

ALL

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23
Q

Most common pediatric malignancy

A

ALL

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24
Q

TDT, Cd10 and CD19

A

B- ALL

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25
Q

Cd1a, cd2, cd3, cd4, cd5, cd7 y cd8

A

T-ALL

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26
Q

ALL stain positive for

A

PAS, stains the carbohydrate macromolecules

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27
Q

SVC Syndrome

A

Enlarged head, flushing, vision issues, could have upper extremity edema if it is at the brachicephalic junction.

28
Q

Stridor

A

Louder and high pitched than whiz. Sounds like a whistle. When you breath in.

29
Q

Inspiratory whiz

A

Airway compromise.

30
Q

Why does AML carry a worse prognosis than ALL?

A

Because person can not generate neutrophils or macrophages

31
Q

Methotrexate is used for which one? ALL or AML?

A

ALL

32
Q

Monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils proliferate

A

CML

33
Q

CML originate in the ———— and not in the ———

A

Periphery, bone marrow

34
Q

Blast crisis

A

Reverts back to being acute leukemia so you’d see greater than 20% blasts in blood and it can be myelobkasts or lymphoblasts and that can lead to bone pain.

35
Q

Greater than 30% myeloblasts

A

Acute leukemia

36
Q

Smudge cells

A

Fragile lymphocytes, with no cell membrane and no nuclear structure, seen in CLL

37
Q

Seen in over the age of 50. Average age of presentation is 70

A

CLL

38
Q

CLL

A

Best prognosis because lymphocytes are functional produce antibodies even though*
Not at normal amount, but well enough.

39
Q

If WBC in CLL becomes too great, then risk of

A

Thrombosis because it clogs vessels.

40
Q

If WBC in CLL becomes too great, then risk of ?

A

Thrombosis because it clogs vessels.

41
Q

Guy in 40s, lymph nodes enlarged. It was huge, and Inside, it was Completely black.
No Sx other than that enlarged LN.

A

Metastatic melanoma from bottom of his foot - acrolentifinous melanoma

42
Q

Most common type of melanoma

A

Superficial spreading

43
Q

Reed sternberg cells

A

Hodkin’s lymphoma

44
Q

Cd15 y cd30 positive, muktinucleated cells, cd20 y cd45 negative

A

Reed sternberg cells, Hodkin’s lymphoma

45
Q

Hodkin’s age of appearance

A

Bimodal distrobution: 16-44 y more than 55

46
Q

Hodkin’s with Mst RS cells

A

Mixed cellularity, seen in EBV, HIV and elderly population

47
Q

Overexpression of bcl2 antiapoptotic gene

A

Follicular lymphoma, t(14;18)

48
Q

Tingible bodily macrophages, a macrophage with a dead tumor cells inside gives the look of a starry sky

A

Burkitt

49
Q

Children with chronic malaria can suffer from this lymphoma

A

Burkitt

50
Q

Seen in Africa, big mass in jaw, also distan ileum, cecum, ovaries, kidney

A

Burkitt

51
Q

Can present as a Bowel obstruction in AIDS patient early on in AIDS.

A

Burkitt

52
Q

Hemorrhagic cystitis caused by

A

Cyclophosphamide

53
Q

Cyclophosphamide gets metabolized into ——- which damages the epithelium.

A

Acroline, which damages the epithelium. causing cystitis

54
Q

To prevent toxicity of cyclophosphamide give

A

MESNA

55
Q

Bone marrow proliferation can cause primary ——-

A

Polycythemia Vera

56
Q

Headache, hypertension, hyoercoagulable, vertigo, itchy after hot shower - mast cell degranulation causes pruritis

A

Polycythemia Vera

57
Q

How to treat polycythemia Vera?

A

Phlebotomy

58
Q

All cell lines depleted

A

Aplastic anemia

59
Q

Drugs that cause aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol, AZT, benzene, vinbkastine

60
Q

Destruction and subsequent scarring of the bone marrow

A

Myelofibrosis

61
Q

Citrate, found in blood in transfusion, binds to —— in the blood and causes ——

A

Calcium, hypocalcemia

62
Q

Mephalam

A

Treats multiple myeloma Alkylation agents

63
Q

PSA

A

Cancer antigen, prostate

64
Q

CEA antigen

A

Colon, liver

65
Q

AFP antigen

A

Yolk sac cancers

66
Q

S-100

A

Melanoma

MyReview Step (15 decks)

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