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Haematology > leukaemias > Flashcards

leukaemias Flashcards

1
Q

which type of leukaemia is most common in younger adults

A

AML

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2
Q

which leukaemia is associated with gum hypertrophy

A

AML

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3
Q

list 2 symptoms associated with thrombocytopenia that a leukaemia patient may present with

A

epistaxis

easy bruising

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4
Q

list 3 infiltrative symptoms a leukaemia patient may present with

A

hepatomegaly
lymphadenopathy
gum infiltration (AML)

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5
Q

what type of cells are present in acute leukaemia

A

immature

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6
Q

what type of cells are present in chronic leukaemia

A

mature

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7
Q

what is a precursor lesion for AML

A

myelodisplasia

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8
Q

which translocation is commonly associated with AML

A

t(15:17)

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9
Q

which subtype of AML is associated with DIC

A

acute promyelocytic anaemia

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10
Q

which subtype of AML is commonly associated with gun infiltration

A

acute monocytes leukaemia

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11
Q

what investigation of diagnostic for leukaemia

A

bone marrow biopsy

> 20%

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12
Q

what is seen on blood film in AML

A

auer rods

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13
Q

what is 1st line treatment in CML

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

e.g. imatinib

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14
Q

what is the name give to the chromosome translocation associated with CML

A

Philadelphia chromosome

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15
Q

what is the BCR ABL gene responsible for producing

A

tyrosine kinase receptor

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16
Q

what blood result (FBC) would indicate CML

A

raised granulocyte count

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17
Q

is myelofibrosis a acute or chronic condition

A

chronic

myeloproliferative condition

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18
Q

what mutation is associated with myelofibrosis

A

JAK2 mutation

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19
Q

what happens to the bone marrow in myelofibrosis

A

bone marrow fibrosis

20
Q

what is a key sign infiltrative sign of extrameduallry haematopoesis seen in myelofibrosis

A

massive splenomegaly

21
Q

what cells are affected in myelofiobrosis

A

megakaryocytes

22
Q

what type of cells is seen in blood film of myelofibrosis

A

tear drop red cells

23
Q

is myelofibrosis a

wet tap or dry tap

and why?

A

dry tap

bone marrow fibrosis therefore unable to aspirate

24
Q

what type of cells is typically effected in polycythaemia vera

A

RBC

25
Q

what mutation is associated with polycythemia vera

A

JAK2 mutation

26
Q

what medication should be started in a patient with polycytheamia vera

A

aspirin

27
Q

what mutation is associated with essential thrombocytosis

A

JAK2

28
Q

what med is used in the management of essential thrombocytosis

A

aspirin

29
Q

which is the most common leukaemia in children

A

ALL

30
Q

name one condition that increases the risk of developing ALL

A

downs syndrome

31
Q

where does ALL cells not infiltrate

A

gums

32
Q

what is the most common translocation associated with ALL

A

t(12:21)

33
Q

list 3 organs ALL can infiltrate

A 
liver 
spleen
lymph nodes 
parotid 
testicle
CNS
34
Q

what will you see on blood film in ALL

A

immature lymphoblasts

35
Q

what is the diagnostic investigation for ALL

A

bone marrow biopsy

36
Q

which is the most common leukaemia in older adults

A

CLL

37
Q

what is the classic finding in blood film in CLL

A

smudge cells

38
Q

what complication is associated with CLL

A

warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

39
Q

name the condition:

elderly patient + new onset back pain

A

think myeloma

40
Q

what condition can progress to myeloma

A

MGUS

41
Q

which antibodies are associated with myeloma

A

IgG and IgA

42
Q

pneumonic for myeloma

A

CRAB

hypercalcaemia
renal insufficiency
anaemia
bone lesions/pain

43
Q

what protein deposition in the kidney is associated with myeloma

A

bence jones proteins

44
Q

what blood investigation should you carry out if you suspect myeloma

A

serum electrophoresis

M spike

45
Q

what do you see on urine electrophoresis in myeloma

A

hence jones proteins

46
Q

what do you see on blood film in myeloma

A

rouleaux formation

47
Q

lytic bone lesions

A

myeloma

Haematology (5 decks)

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