leukaemias Flashcards
which type of leukaemia is most common in younger adults
AML
which leukaemia is associated with gum hypertrophy
AML
list 2 symptoms associated with thrombocytopenia that a leukaemia patient may present with
epistaxis
easy bruising
list 3 infiltrative symptoms a leukaemia patient may present with
hepatomegaly
lymphadenopathy
gum infiltration (AML)
what type of cells are present in acute leukaemia
immature
what type of cells are present in chronic leukaemia
mature
what is a precursor lesion for AML
myelodisplasia
which translocation is commonly associated with AML
t(15:17)
which subtype of AML is associated with DIC
acute promyelocytic anaemia
which subtype of AML is commonly associated with gun infiltration
acute monocytes leukaemia
what investigation of diagnostic for leukaemia
bone marrow biopsy
> 20%
what is seen on blood film in AML
auer rods
what is 1st line treatment in CML
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
e.g. imatinib
what is the name give to the chromosome translocation associated with CML
Philadelphia chromosome
what is the BCR ABL gene responsible for producing
tyrosine kinase receptor
what blood result (FBC) would indicate CML
raised granulocyte count
is myelofibrosis a acute or chronic condition
chronic
myeloproliferative condition
what mutation is associated with myelofibrosis
JAK2 mutation
what happens to the bone marrow in myelofibrosis
bone marrow fibrosis
what is a key sign infiltrative sign of extrameduallry haematopoesis seen in myelofibrosis
massive splenomegaly
what cells are affected in myelofiobrosis
megakaryocytes
what type of cells is seen in blood film of myelofibrosis
tear drop red cells
is myelofibrosis a
wet tap or dry tap
and why?
dry tap
bone marrow fibrosis therefore unable to aspirate
what type of cells is typically effected in polycythaemia vera
RBC
what mutation is associated with polycythemia vera
JAK2 mutation
what medication should be started in a patient with polycytheamia vera
aspirin
what mutation is associated with essential thrombocytosis
JAK2
what med is used in the management of essential thrombocytosis
aspirin
which is the most common leukaemia in children
ALL
name one condition that increases the risk of developing ALL
downs syndrome
where does ALL cells not infiltrate
gums
what is the most common translocation associated with ALL
t(12:21)
list 3 organs ALL can infiltrate
liver spleen lymph nodes parotid testicle CNS
what will you see on blood film in ALL
immature lymphoblasts
what is the diagnostic investigation for ALL
bone marrow biopsy
which is the most common leukaemia in older adults
CLL
what is the classic finding in blood film in CLL
smudge cells
what complication is associated with CLL
warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
name the condition:
elderly patient + new onset back pain
think myeloma
what condition can progress to myeloma
MGUS
which antibodies are associated with myeloma
IgG and IgA
pneumonic for myeloma
CRAB
hypercalcaemia
renal insufficiency
anaemia
bone lesions/pain
what protein deposition in the kidney is associated with myeloma
bence jones proteins
what blood investigation should you carry out if you suspect myeloma
serum electrophoresis
M spike
what do you see on urine electrophoresis in myeloma
hence jones proteins
what do you see on blood film in myeloma
rouleaux formation
lytic bone lesions
myeloma
