anaemia Flashcards
what type of anaemia is from menstrual bleeding
microcytic
what gets reduced in anaemia
- haemorrhages
- globin
- both haemorrhages and globin
both haemorrhages and global
which is the most common form of Hb
HbA
what makes up HbA
2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains
what is the most common cause of a microcytic anaemia
iron deficiency
list 4 causes of a microcytic anaemia
iron deficiency
thalassaemia
anaemia of chronic disease
sideroblastic anaemia
list 4 general symptoms of anaemia
fatigue
SOB on exertion
chest pain
palpitations
what 4 areas are important to screen for anaemia
GI bleed
menstrual
respiratory
urinary tract
what are 4 alarming symptoms that raise concerns in anaemia
weight loss
loss of appetite
night sweats
lymphadenopathy
what does mean corpuscular volume suggest
size of the RBC
what are the 3 reasons for iron deficiency anaemia according to the definition
increased requirement
increased loss of iron
reduced intake
causes of iron deficiency anaemia
menorrhagia
poor diet
coealics
colon cancer
what protein is responsible for transporting iron in the blood
- transferrin
- ferritin
transferrin
why does breast feeding causes iron deficiency anaemia in infants
breast milk contains poor iron
where does iron get absorbed in the bowel
duodenum
name a malabsorption disorder that can cause iron deficiency anaemia
coeliacs
iron is absorbed in duodenum and that is affected in iron deficiency anaemia
what should you think if you get an elderly patient with iron deficiency anaemia
colon cancer
what test should you carry out if you suspect iron deficiency anaemia
- transferrin
- ferritin
- TIBC
- serum iron
ferritin
what protein is responsible for storing iron
- transferrin
- ferritin
ferritin
what does ferritin reflect
the amount of iron you body has
list 3 clinical features of iron deficiency anaemia
glossitis
angular stomatitis
kolionychia
pica (ICE)
when should you arrange colonscopy in a patient with iron deficiency anaemia
60 yrs or over
what type of red blood cells are seen in iron deficiency anaemia
- hypochromic
- hyper chromic
hypochromic
what might you see on a blood film of a patient with iron deficiency anaemia
hypochromic RBC
target cells
how do you manage iron deficiency anaemia
oral iron
ferrous sulphate
ferrous fumarate
how long after the anaemia is corrected would you continue iron supplement
3 months after
2 common side effects of iron
constipation
black stools
gel electrophoresis of beta thalassaemia
HbA2
genetic inheritance of beta thalassaemia
autosomal recessive
what causes cortical thickening in thalassaemia
bone marrow expansion
frontal bossing
list 3 signs specific to thalassaemia
neonatal jaundice
hepatospelnomegaly
failure to thrive
chipmunk faces
what is typically seen on blood film in thalassaemia
howell jolly body
what appearance do you see on skull X-ray of a patient with thalassaemia
hair on end appearance
what is the diagnostic test for thalassaemia
hb electrophoresis
