lets diagnose! Flashcards
(69 cards)
pimples, furuncles, carbuncles, sty, pus formation
established in hair follicle leading to tissue necrosis
occur as a result of wounds
no vaccine, treated with topical ointment
folliculitis
staphylococcus areus
mainly in warm summer months
children
flattened red patches that develop into oozing pus filled vesicles that break open (honey colored & pus filled)
very contagious, person-to-person, via fomites, through cuts
can be fatal with out treatment
impetigo
staphylococcus areus (mainly) streptococcus pyogenes
toxin based diagnosis
staph in 1 location despite systemic affect
menstrating women (tampon) wound infection
fatigue, confusion, red rash, aches & pain, low BP
some fatal without treatment
S areus in elevated O2 levels and neutral BP
toxic shock syndrome
staph areus + toxic shock syndrome toxin
infants and children < 5, immunocompromised
normal flora or direct contact
red wrinkling skin near mouth, large blisters filled with fluid, skin sloughs off after 2 days
NO scarring
IV antibiotics, resolve after 7-10 days, low mortality but possible with secondary infection
Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)
Staphylococcus aureus + exfoliative toxin
through normal flora
thrive on sebum
which triggers inflammation & pus formation
potential scarring
blackheads, cystic acne
Acne
Propionibacterium acnes
lack of / incomplete vaccination history
mainly children
maculopapular rash, koplik spots, fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis
Measles (rubeola)
measles virus (paramyxovirus)
children < 10
respiratory secretions or direct contact
vaccination = varivax
exanthematous rash, vesicular rash that progresses ti scabbed lesions, intense itchiness, fever, chills, headache
chicken pox
varicella-zoster virus
adults > 45
respiratory secretions or direct contact
vesicular skin eruption along dermatome, pain, itchiness, numb / buring
shingles
varicella-zoster virus
pustular rash disease - zoonosis (sheep, goat, cattle)
most common, rarely fatal
causes necrotic ulcer (eschar)
develops 1-12 days after exposure
contact with endospores (cannot get person-to-person)
cutaneous anthrax
bacillus anthracis
staphylococcus aureus
streptococcus pyogenes
caused by fast spreading infection in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue
pain, tenderness, swelling, fever, lypph node inflammation
oral antibiotics
cellulitis
anaerobic and aerobic bacteria (mixed infection)
gram positive cocci & gram negative rods
common after surgery in patients with comorbities / wounds
rare, rapid spreading soft tissue infection, destroys the fascia and surrounding tissues
Necrotizing fasciitis type 1
e. coli
staph aureus
clostridium
monomicrobial infection
infect healthy patients
route of entry follows trauma, surgery, IV drug use
destroys the fascia and surrounding tissues
Necrotizing fasciitis type 2
streptococcus pyogenes
gram negative
endospore forming
Obligate anaerobe
Transmission = ubiquitous (through soil)
Abrupt onset following trauma in young men after injection of drug use or in elderly patients with diabetes- transmission via soil
Wound pain (watery) marked swelling, mental confusion, tachycardia, fever, skin legions (brown) Bullae filled with blue fluid- anaerobe
Crepitus - gas within the tissue (late stages)
Gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis)
Clostridium perfringens
mainly children
direct contact, extremely contagious
organisms get into conjunctiva, induces inflammation
otitis media?
Inflammation
Redness
Mucopurulent discharge
Possible keratitis - inflammation of the cornea
Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
Streptococcus species
children, leading cause of traumatic blindness in humans
contact with fomites or fingers; during birth
pathogen triggers purulent discharge that scars conjuctiva
Eyelashes turn inward
Eyelashes abrade
irritate, & scar cornea = blindness
trachoma
chlamydia trachomatis
Anyone (school aged children)
Sore throat; more painful & longer to resolve (than viral)
White patches on the back of the throat and tonsils (pus exudate)
Little/no cough
Headache
Fever
normal flora/ respiratory droplets
M Proteins
Rapid Antigen Test (possibly B-hemolytic gram positive cocci in chains)
Antibiotics (penicillin)
bacterial pharyngitis
streptococcus pyogenes group A
Follows local Streptococcus pyogenes infection (bacterial pharyngitis)
Rash on trunk after 24 hrs., spread to extremities (focal infection)
Death can occur because of high fever
Usually resolves in 1-2 weeks
Scarlet Fever (toxemia)
Streptococcus pyogenes
Follows local Streptococcus pyogenes infection (bacterial pharyngitis)
Most serious
Fever Malaise Joint pain Evidence if inflammation of all parts of the heart Development of scar tissue May lead to heart failure
Rheumatic Fever
Streptococcus pyogenes
commonly affects children
Spreads from normal flora in the oropharynx to the sinus or middle ear
Inflammation, pain, pressure in ear
Treat with broad spectrum antibiotics
otitis media
streptococcus pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis
virus replicates killing cells, infected cells loss of ciliary activity and fall off, triggering inflammation and stimulating mucus production
Common in fall and spring
spread by respiratory droplets or contact with fomites
Sneezing, and congestion
prevent with hand antisepsis and disinfection
common cold
rhinoviruses
Diphtheria toxin secreted
Mainly in unvaccinated children
Transmission → droplet contact
Sore throat, localized pain, fever, PSEUDOMEMBRANE in back of throat
pseudomembrane can occulate respiratory passages = death
diphtheria
corynebacterium diphtheriae
Pertussis toxin
Found primarily in children
High contagious and spread through the air via respiratory droplets
Fever, sneezing, violent coughing “whooping” upon inhalation, rib fractures, Mild dry persistent cough, cyanosis
vaccine
whooping cough
bordetella pertussis
Contact with rodents / rodent feces
Muscle ache
Hemorrhaging
Renal failure
High fever, headache, myalgia, pulmonary edema leading to severe respiratory compromise
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
hanta virus
Fever, chills, sore throat, nausea/vomiting
Body aches
Extreme fatigue
Mention of vaccine history (of lack of)
Seasonal
“Outbreak”
Anyone, elderly & very young
influenza
Influenza A Virus (orthomyxovirus)