Lessons 23-26

Question 1

valid syllogism

Answer 1

a syllogism in which the conclusion is necessarily true given that the premises are true
depends ONLY on the form, NOT the truth of the statements

Question 2

sound syllogism

Answer 2

a syllogism which is valid AND has true premises

Question 3

2 ways to test the validity of syllogisms

Answer 3

1. counter-example
2. rules

Question 4

counter-example

Answer 4

another syllogism with DIFFERENT TERMS but the SAME FORM as the original,
with obviously TRUE PREMISES and a FALSE CONCLUSION, which proves the
original syllogism to be invalid

Question 5

distributed term

Answer 5

term that, within a statement, refers to ALL MEMBERS of its class/category

Question 6

distrubuted terms in A, E, I, & O statements

Answer 6

the subjects of universal statements and the predicates of negative statements are
distributed

Question 7

5 rules for valid syllogisms

Answer 7

1. Middle term must be distr. in at least 1 premise
2. Any term distr.in concl.must be distr.in itspremise
3. Cannot have 2 negative premises
4. Cannot have neg. prem. with aff. concl

5.Cannot have 2 aff. prem. with neg. concl.

Question 8

5 corresponding fallacies for syllogism rules

Answer 8

1. Fallacy of Undistributed Middle
2. Fallacy of an Illicit Major/Minor
3. Fallacy of 2 negative
   premises
4. Fallacy of neg. premise & aff. Conclusion
5. Fallacy of 2 aff. premises and neg. conclusion