Lessons 1-5 Flashcards
logic
is the science and art of reasoning well
3 Laws of Thought
Law of Excluded Middle
The Law of Identity
Law of Noncontradiction
Law of Excluded Middle
Any statement is either true or false
Law of Identity
If a statement is true, then it is true
Law of Noncontradiction
A statement cannot be both true and false
reasoning
drawing proper conclusions from information we already have
formal logic
deals with the proper modes of reasoning
informal logic
deals with operations of thinking that are indirectly related to reasoning
induction
reasoning with probability from examples or experience to general rules
deduction
reasoning with certainty from premises to conclusions
term
a concept with a precise meaning expressed by one or more words
definition
a statement that gives the meaning of a term
6 purposes of definitions
- show relationships
- remove ambiguity
- reduce vagueness
- increase vocabulary
- explain concepts theoretically
- influence attitudes
5 types of definitions
- lexical def.
- précising def
- stipulative def
- persuasive def
- theoretical def
lexical definition
a single, established meaning of a term(dictionary)