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Science 6 > Lessons 1 - 4 (Test) > Flashcards

Lessons 1 - 4 (Test) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Organism

A

“Living thing”

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2
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of classifying living things.

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3
Q

Melittobia digitata

A

Wow bug

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4
Q

Head, thorax, abdomen

A

Parts of an insect that they ALL have in common.

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5
Q

Lumbriculus variegatus

A

Blackworm

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6
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Nerve cells that detect shadows, vibration, and touch.

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7
Q

Setae

A

Tiny hairs on an earth worm that help them grip on the soil.

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8
Q

Biotic

A

Living things. This includes all of the living OR once living organisms.
Ex. Fossil

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9
Q

Abiotic

A

Non living parts of an organism’s environment.

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10
Q

Producer / autotroph

A

Organisms that can make their own food.
“Auto”= self
“Troph”= food
Ex. Plants, algae, some bacteria

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11
Q

Consumer / heterotroph

A

Organisms that feed on other organisms.

Ex. Humans, fungi, most bacteria

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12
Q

Decomposer

A

Organisms that eat dead organisms. They help break down dead organisms and return their molecules to the ecosystem.
Ex. Millipedes, mushrooms, mold

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13
Q

Herbivore

A

Vegetarians (only eat plants)

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14
Q

Carnivore

A

Only eat animals

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15
Q

Omnivore

A

Eat both plants and animals.

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16
Q

Ecosystem

A

Home to more than one type of organism.

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17
Q

Habitat

A

Home to a single type of organism.

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18
Q

Food web

A

A diagram showing multiple food chains overlapping in an ecosystem.

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19
Q

Community

A

The living components of an ecosystem - plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms.

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20
Q

Population

A

The members of each species in a community.

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21
Q

Niche

A

Organisms “job”.

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22
Q

What makes living things different from nonliving things?

A 
Grow
Reproduce
Eventually die
Respond in some way to changes in environment 
Need energy
Take nutrients from surroundings and digest it
Produce waste
Are composed / made of cell(s)
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23
Q

What idea or principal is taxonomy based on?

A

That everything in our world is related in some way.

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24
Q

Who introduced the taxonomy system that became the basis for the system we use today and why?

A

Carolus Linnaeus
Recognized that little information was available about how to classify plants / saw a need for a universal classification system to communicate with scientists all over the world.

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25
Q

What are the five kingdoms of living things we use today?

A 
Plantae
Anamalia
Protists
Fungi
Monerans
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26
Q

Why is the triangle written upside down?

A

Because as you move down the triangle, fewer organisms are included / more and more specific

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27
Q

Which word is the genus?

Which word is the species?

A

The first word.

The second word.

28
Q

What are three ways that organisms are often named?

A

Prominent feature
Location they are found
Scientist who discovered them

29
Q

How do you know which organisms are most closely related?

A

They both have the same exact layers on the table except for their species.

30
Q

What is ecology?

A

The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

31
Q

What are the rules for scientific naming?

A

Name are always in Greek or Latin (no mixing or matching)
Genus name is 1st, species name is 2nd
First letter of genius is capital (all rest is lowercase)
Typing = whole thing in italics
Writing = whole thing is underlined

32
Q

What are the 7 layers of classification?

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family 
Genus
Species
33
Q

When was the microscope invented?

A

Early 1600’s.

34
Q

What does the word “compound” mean when referring to the microscope?

A

2 lenses (one in eyepiece, one in objective)

35
Q

What do ALL insects have in common?

A 
3 body parts = head, thorax, and abdomen
6 legs
4 wings
Antennae 
Exoskeleton
36
Q

How can an insect be a “good guy” or a “bad guy”?

A

“Good guy” = honeybees = pollinate flowers and many food crops, make honey
“Bad guy” = mosquitos = spread disease such as malaria and yellow fever
Grasshopper = destroy entire fields of crops

37
Q

Ho do parasitic wasps help our world?

A

They lower the pest population.

38
Q

What major discovery of biology did Robert Hooke make while using his microscope?

A

He discovered plant cells.

39
Q

What major contributions to the development of the microscope did Antony van Leeuwenhoek make?

A

He made lenses that were much more clearer.

40
Q

What difference was there between Hooke’s and van Leeuwenhoek scopes?

A 
Hooke’s = blurry, compound 
Leeuwenhoek’s = clearer, it could magnify more, one lens
41
Q

What are parts of the microscope?

A

Nose piece = rotates to change the magnification
Objective lens = provides a range of magnification
Stage = supports the slides
Diaphragm = adjust the amount of light that passes through
Light = sends light through the whole
Eyepiece = contains a 10 X lens
Arm = supports the upper part of the microscope
Stage clip = helps to hold slides in place
Coarse adjustment knob = raises and lowers stage
Fine adjustment knob = raises and lowers stage a tiny distance
Base = supports the microscope

42
Q

How to calculate total magnification?

A

Power Eyepiece Obj. Lense Total mag.
Low(red) 10X 4X 40X
Med.(yellow) 10X 10X 100X
High(green) 10X 40X 400X

43
Q

Diameters of fields for low, medium, and high.

A 
Low = 4.5 mm
Med = 1.5 mm
High = 0.5
44
Q

What is amazing about Lumbirculus variegatus?

A

If you cut it in half, it turns into two live worms.

45
Q

In what environment are they usually found?

A

Shallow edges of ponds, marshes, and lakes in North America and Europe.

46
Q

How many segments does a mature blackworm generally have?

A

150 - 250 body segments

47
Q

How can you tell regenerated segments from original segments?

A

Usually smaller and paler than original.

48
Q

Describe how a black worm propels it self.

A

By “twisting” it’s body through the water in a corkscrew fashion.

49
Q

Why does it live in shallow water? Why is there a danger for the black worm in the situation?

A

To stretch its tail to the surface to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Exposes the black worm’s tail to their enemies.

50
Q

What are photoreceptors and how do they help the black one?

A

Photoreceptors = nerve cells that detect shadows, vibration, and touch.
“Activates” special rapid-escape reflex.

51
Q

What is the scientific name for the common earthworm?

A

Lumbricus terrestris

52
Q

What is the clitellum and what is its significance for the earthworm?

A

Clittellum = light colored bulge on body

If it’s cut in half, the part with that clitellum can only regenerate.

53
Q

Describe the setae and their function.

A

Setae = tiny hairs to help them grip on the soil

54
Q

How do earthworms dig? How does this help plants grow?

A
  1. Eat tiny bits of soil, decaying leaves, bacteria, and microorganisms.
  2. Grind and mix food with digestive systems.
  3. Expel their waste, castings, which is nutrient rich soil.
    Tunnels give air and easy access to the roots of plants.
55
Q

Black worm anatomy

A 
Anterior = Head end
Posterior = tail end
Digestive tract
Blood vessel
Chaetae
56
Q

Would a habitat be considered part of the community or the ecosystem?

A

Part of an ecosystem.

Because there are many different habitats or homes in an ecosystem.

57
Q

List ways in which ecosystems can change. Why does this change affect the organisms living in this habitat?

A 
Ponds dry up
Forest fires
Trees fall
Organisms become extinct 
Human’s
Because they have to adapt to it.
58
Q

What effects can natural processes and human interactions have on the planets ecosystems, habitats, communities, and populations?

A

Air pollution = tree leaves fall
Construction = leaving a stream’s water stagnant and foul
Droughts = soil get parched and cracked

59
Q

How can populations of organisms in an ecosystem be categorized?

A

By how they eat.

60
Q

Give 3 examples of autotrophs.

A

Plants
Algae
Some bacteria

61
Q

What are organisms that eat other organisms called in a ecosystem? Why do they have this name?

A

Consumers

Because the eat other organisms.

62
Q

Give 3 examples of heterotrophs.

A

Humans
Fungi
Most bacteria

63
Q

What does a decomposer eat?

A

Dead organisms

Waste material

64
Q

Give 3 examples of a decomposer.

A

Millipedes
Mushrooms
Molds

65
Q

How do decomposer help the ecosystem?

A

They help break down dead organisms and return their molecules to the ecosystem.

66
Q

Could heterotrophs survive without autotrophs? Why or why not?

A

No, because heterotrophs eat autotrophs.

67
Q

Could autotrophs survive without heterotrophs? Why or why not?

A

Yes, because they make their own food.

Science 6 (4 decks)

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