Lesson8 Flashcards
Respiratory System
Which of the following lists the structures in the correct order in which air would travel from the outside to the lungs?
alveoli, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi
pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, alveoli
trachea, larynx, bronchi, alveoli, pharynx
larynx, bronchi, alveoli, trachea, pharynx
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
Which of the following describes the mucosa of the nasal cavity?
it serves to warm, moisten and filter inhaled air
it contains the alveoli
it contains only capillaries
is not involved in the sensation of smell
it cleans, cools and dries up the inhaled air
it serves to warm, moisten and filter inhaled air
What structure is responsible for routing food and air into the proper channels?
pharynx
nasal conchae
uvula
trachea
larynx
larynx
Which of the following describes the pharynx?
the auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx
the palatine tonsils are embedded in the lateral walls of the nasopharynx
the oropharynx is posterior to the nasopharynx
the adenoids are located in the laryngopharynx
the pharynx is lined with transitional epithelium
the auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx
What tissue type lines the trachea?
stratified squamous epithelium
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
simple squamous epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
transitional epithelium
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
What is formed when oxygen binds with hemoglobin?
plasma
hemoglobin oxide
carbonic acid
deoxyhemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin
Which of the following represents the mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs?
active transport
diffusion
osmosis
filtration
both active transport and diffusion
diffusion
What is the functional advantage provided by the C shaped cartilage rings of the trachea?
the cartilage closes allowing food to enter only the esophagus and not the trachea
the posterior region of the ring is flexible allowing the esophagus to expand so food can travel down the esophagus
cartilage filters the air as it travels towards the lungs
cartilage is flexible which allows the trachea to inflate during pulmonary ventilation
cartilage vibrates as air moves upward producing sounds
the posterior region of the ring is flexible allowing the esophagus to expand so food can travel down the esophagus
What is the exchange of gases between the blood and tissue cells called?
internal respiration
external respiration
cellular respiration
cellular metabolism
pulmonary ventilation
internal respiration
The respiratory membrane is made up of what structures?
respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs
atria and alveolar sacs
respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
alveolar and capillary walls and their fused membrane
alveolar wall only
alveolar and capillary walls and their fused membrane
Which of the following describes how breathing rate is controlled?
Hypercapnia is when the pH of the spinal fluid is increased and the respiratory rate increases
Oxygen levels are the main force that affect breathing rate
Increase in hydrogen ions stimulate chemoreceptors
Major chemoreceptors located throughout all areas of the body regulate breathing rate
Buildup of erythropoietin in the blood stimulates ventilation
Increase in hydrogen ions stimulate chemoreceptors
Which of the following describes carbon dioxide gas in the blood?
carbon dioxide concentrations are greater in arterial blood than in venous blood
when it accumulates in the blood, the pH decreases
hyperventilation causes the carbon dioxide level to be increased
carbon dioxide naturally turns into carbon monoxide
more carbon dioxide is dissolved in the plasma than is carried by
hemoglobin
when it accumulates in the blood, the pH decreases
Which of the following lists the structures in order from most superficial to most deep?
visceral pleura, parietal pleura, pleural cavity, alveoli
parietal pleura, visceral pleura, pleural cavity, alveoli
parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura, alveoli
pleura cavity, alveoli, visceral pleura, parietal pleura
visceral pleura, pleura cavity, parietal pleura, alveoli
parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura, alveoli
Which of the following is associated with the right lung?
contains a total of two lobes
cardiac notch
middle lobe
coronary artery
smaller than the left lung
middle lobe
What is the process of air moving in and out of the lungs called?
pulmonary ventilation
inspiration
external respiration
internal respiration
expiration
pulmonary ventilation
What chemical lowers surface tension and increases the ability of the lungs to inflate?
surfactant
oxygen
carbon dioxide
carbonic acid
both oxygen and surfactant
surfactant
Which of the following events happen first in the process of pulmonary ventilation?
diaphragm and intercostals muscles contract
thoracic cavity and lungs increase in size
alveolar pressure decreases to 758 mm Hg
air rushes into the lungs
oxygen diffuses across the respiratory membrane
diaphragm and intercostals muscles contract
What gas law explains the relationship between pressure and volume and explains the movement of air into the lungs?
Dalton’s
Boyle’s
Charles’
Henry’s
Starling’s
Boyle’s
What factor(s) are responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall?
the diaphragm and intercostals muscles
the connective tissue surrounding the lungs
the smooth muscle of the lungs
the visceral pleurae and the changing volume of the lungs
surface tension from pleural fluid, positive pressure and atmospheric pressure on the thorax
surface tension from pleural fluid, positive pressure and atmospheric pressure on the thorax
What is the 500 ml of air called that is inspired in a normal breath?
inspiratory reserve
expiratory reserve
tidal volume
residual volume
total volume
tidal volume
What is the respiratory quantity that represents the total amount of exchangeable air?
expiratory reserve
vital capacity
inspiratory reserve
dead space volume
tidal volume
vital capacity
Inspiration occurs when innervated by nerve pulses from what area?
the medulla
the thalamus
Broca’s center
cerebrum
the cerebellum
the medulla
What factor(s) influence the rate and depth of breathing?
voluntary cortical control
thalamic control
stretch receptors in the alveoli
composition of the alveolar gas
proprioceptors in the intercostals muscles
composition of the alveolar gas
Which of the following is associated with COPD?
people have a genetic predisposition for COPD
dyspnea
jaundice
decreased CO2 levels
frequently occurs in non smokers
dyspnea
Which of the following describes how alveolar gas exchange is affected by emphysema?
an increased thickness of the respiratory membrane decreases gas exchange
lungs become less elastic and more fibrous which hinders ventilation
increased elastic tissue makes the lungs more difficult to move with the pleural membranes
increased surface area of the alveoli makes the intercostals muscles work harder
a decrease in hemoglobin causes hypoxia
lungs become less elastic and more fibrous which hinders ventilation
