Lesson8

Question 1

Which of the following lists the structures in the correct order in which air would travel from the outside to the lungs?

alveoli, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi

pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, alveoli

trachea, larynx, bronchi, alveoli, pharynx

larynx, bronchi, alveoli, trachea, pharynx

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

Answer 1

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

Question 2

Which of the following describes the mucosa of the nasal cavity?

it serves to warm, moisten and filter inhaled air

it contains the alveoli

it contains only capillaries

is not involved in the sensation of smell

it cleans, cools and dries up the inhaled air

Answer 2

it serves to warm, moisten and filter inhaled air

Question 3

What structure is responsible for routing food and air into the proper channels?

pharynx

nasal conchae

uvula

trachea

larynx

Answer 3

larynx

Question 4

Which of the following describes the pharynx?

the auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx

the palatine tonsils are embedded in the lateral walls of the nasopharynx

the oropharynx is posterior to the nasopharynx

the adenoids are located in the laryngopharynx

the pharynx is lined with transitional epithelium

Answer 4

the auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx

Question 5

What tissue type lines the trachea?

stratified squamous epithelium

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

transitional epithelium

Answer 5

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 6

What is formed when oxygen binds with hemoglobin?

plasma

hemoglobin oxide

carbonic acid

deoxyhemoglobin

oxyhemoglobin

Answer 6

oxyhemoglobin

Question 7

Which of the following represents the mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs?

active transport

diffusion

osmosis

filtration

both active transport and diffusion

Answer 7

diffusion

Question 8

What is the functional advantage provided by the C shaped cartilage rings of the trachea?

the cartilage closes allowing food to enter only the esophagus and not the trachea

the posterior region of the ring is flexible allowing the esophagus to expand so food can travel down the esophagus

cartilage filters the air as it travels towards the lungs

cartilage is flexible which allows the trachea to inflate during pulmonary ventilation

cartilage vibrates as air moves upward producing sounds

Answer 8

the posterior region of the ring is flexible allowing the esophagus to expand so food can travel down the esophagus

Question 9

What is the exchange of gases between the blood and tissue cells called?

internal respiration

external respiration

cellular respiration

cellular metabolism

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 9

internal respiration

Question 10

The respiratory membrane is made up of what structures?

respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs

atria and alveolar sacs

respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts

alveolar and capillary walls and their fused membrane

alveolar wall only

Answer 10

alveolar and capillary walls and their fused membrane

Question 11

Which of the following describes how breathing rate is controlled?

Hypercapnia is when the pH of the spinal fluid is increased and the respiratory rate increases

Oxygen levels are the main force that affect breathing rate

Increase in hydrogen ions stimulate chemoreceptors

Major chemoreceptors located throughout all areas of the body regulate breathing rate

Buildup of erythropoietin in the blood stimulates ventilation

Answer 11

Increase in hydrogen ions stimulate chemoreceptors

Question 12

Which of the following describes carbon dioxide gas in the blood?

carbon dioxide concentrations are greater in arterial blood than in venous blood

when it accumulates in the blood, the pH decreases

hyperventilation causes the carbon dioxide level to be increased

carbon dioxide naturally turns into carbon monoxide

more carbon dioxide is dissolved in the plasma than is carried by

hemoglobin

Answer 12

when it accumulates in the blood, the pH decreases

Question 13

Which of the following lists the structures in order from most superficial to most deep?

visceral pleura, parietal pleura, pleural cavity, alveoli

parietal pleura, visceral pleura, pleural cavity, alveoli

parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura, alveoli

pleura cavity, alveoli, visceral pleura, parietal pleura

visceral pleura, pleura cavity, parietal pleura, alveoli

Answer 13

parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura, alveoli

Question 14

Which of the following is associated with the right lung?

contains a total of two lobes

cardiac notch

middle lobe

coronary artery

smaller than the left lung

Answer 14

middle lobe

Question 15

What is the process of air moving in and out of the lungs called?

pulmonary ventilation

inspiration

external respiration

internal respiration

expiration

Answer 15

pulmonary ventilation

Question 16

What chemical lowers surface tension and increases the ability of the lungs to inflate?

surfactant

oxygen

carbon dioxide

carbonic acid

both oxygen and surfactant

Answer 16

surfactant

Question 17

Which of the following events happen first in the process of pulmonary ventilation?

diaphragm and intercostals muscles contract

thoracic cavity and lungs increase in size

alveolar pressure decreases to 758 mm Hg

air rushes into the lungs

oxygen diffuses across the respiratory membrane

Answer 17

diaphragm and intercostals muscles contract

Question 18

What gas law explains the relationship between pressure and volume and explains the movement of air into the lungs?

Dalton’s

Boyle’s

Charles’

Henry’s

Starling’s

Answer 18

Boyle’s

Question 19

What factor(s) are responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall?

the diaphragm and intercostals muscles

the connective tissue surrounding the lungs

the smooth muscle of the lungs

the visceral pleurae and the changing volume of the lungs

surface tension from pleural fluid, positive pressure and atmospheric pressure on the thorax

Answer 19

surface tension from pleural fluid, positive pressure and atmospheric pressure on the thorax

Question 20

What is the 500 ml of air called that is inspired in a normal breath?

inspiratory reserve

expiratory reserve

tidal volume

residual volume

total volume

Answer 20

tidal volume

Question 21

What is the respiratory quantity that represents the total amount of exchangeable air?

expiratory reserve

vital capacity

inspiratory reserve

dead space volume

tidal volume

Answer 21

vital capacity

Question 22

Inspiration occurs when innervated by nerve pulses from what area?

the medulla

the thalamus

Broca’s center

cerebrum

the cerebellum

Answer 22

the medulla

Question 23

What factor(s) influence the rate and depth of breathing?

voluntary cortical control

thalamic control

stretch receptors in the alveoli

composition of the alveolar gas

proprioceptors in the intercostals muscles

Answer 23

composition of the alveolar gas

Question 24

Which of the following is associated with COPD?

people have a genetic predisposition for COPD

dyspnea

jaundice

decreased CO2 levels

frequently occurs in non smokers

Answer 24

dyspnea

Question 25

Which of the following describes how alveolar gas exchange is affected by emphysema?

an increased thickness of the respiratory membrane decreases gas exchange

lungs become less elastic and more fibrous which hinders ventilation

increased elastic tissue makes the lungs more difficult to move with the pleural membranes

increased surface area of the alveoli makes the intercostals muscles work harder

a decrease in hemoglobin causes hypoxia

Answer 25

lungs become less elastic and more fibrous which hinders ventilation