Lesson 7 Flashcards
Lymphatic System
What is the role of complement in the immune response?
It is only involved in non specific immunity
It can be produced by one of three pathways; classical, alternative and antigenic
It enhances both innate and adaptive defenses
It is a chemical that circulates only when foreign invaders are present
It is released when the antibody titer reaches a minimum quantity
It enhances both innate and adaptive defenses
Which of the following are considered the first line of defense against foreign invaders?
circulating white blood cells
ability of the body to recognize non-self antigens
skin and mucosa
the relatively small blood supply to the skin
phagocytes
skin and mucosa
Which of the following describes natural killer cells?
they can kill cancer cells before the adaptive immune system is activated
they are also called cytotoxic T cells
they are cells of the specific immune system
the are a type of phagocyte
they produce antibodies
they can kill cancer cells before the adaptive immune system is activated
Which of the following represents phagocytes?
macrophages release defensins during their attack
Kupffer cells are a type of neutrophil
Respiratory burst is associated with eosinophil phagocytosis
Phagocytes cannot leave the capillaries
Neutrophils themselves may be destroyed in the phagocytic process
Neutrophils themselves may be destroyed in the phagocytic process
What is opsonization?
when chemicals released by injured tissue attract phagocytes to the injured area
when complement coats a microbe and provides binding sites for phagocytes to engulf the invader
the release of pyrogens by certain infected cells which results in fever
the release of histamine by mast cells resulting in an enhanced inflammation
the neutralization of antigens by antibodies
when complement coats a microbe and provides binding sites for phagocytes to engulf the invader
Which of the following is true of the inflammatory response?
replaces injured tissue with connective tissue
produces antibodies to fight invading microbes
prevents the spread of an infectious agent to nearby tissues
pyrogens are released to increase the body temperature
vasoconstriction reduces blood flow in order to decrease spread of infection
prevents the spread of an infectious agent to nearby tissues
What is the role of cell adhesion molecules in the inflammatory response?
They activate complement
They cause neutrophils to adhere to the injured site allowing them to squeeze through capillary walls
They engulf and destroy foreign microbes
They cause foreign microbes to lyse
They increase the blood supply in the injured area therefore increasing
the number of white blood cells available to fight the pathogen
They cause neutrophils to adhere to the injured site allowing them to squeeze through capillary walls
Which of the following are associated with inflammation?
edema is a result of excess body fluid in the area
fever
histamine release is enhanced
only lymphocytes are actively involved in the inflammatory response
it is a specific immune response
edema is a result of excess body fluid in the area
Which of the following factors determines which specific foreign substances our adaptive immune system will be able to recognize and resist?
a person’s overall health
the type of antigen presented
a person’s ability to produce memory cells
enzymes present in the circulation at the time of invasion
a person’s genes
a person’s genes
Which of the following responses would be considered a delayed hypersensitivity reaction?
anaphylaxis
cytotoxic hypersensitivity
autoimmune disease
allergic contact dermatitis
immune-complex hypersensitivity
allergic contact dermatitis
Which of the following describes antigens?
incomplete antigens are the same as “self-antigens”
only small antigens are capable of exhibiting reactivity
the largest type of antigen is called a hapten
One antigen can have different antigenic determinants and can cause more than one type of antibody to be produced
There are a limited number of antigens to which the body can respond
One antigen can have different antigenic determinants and can cause more than one type of antibody to be produced
Which of the following describes the antigen-antibody complex?
Formation of the antigen-antibody complex destroys the antigen
Antibodies only have one binding site so destruction relies on enough antibodies to bind to each antigen site
When antibodies attach to antigens, they can change shape and expose complement binding sites
Antibodies attach to antigens and cause immediate lyses of those infected
cells
Neutralization is the only mechanism in which antibodies can deactivate
the antigen
When antibodies attach to antigens, they can change shape and expose complement binding sites
What is a hapten?
small molecule that binds with self proteins to produce antigenic substances
substance normally in the circulation that becomes activated by the presence of foreign microbes
gamma globulin produced by plasma cells
substance released from most lymphocytes that enhances the inflammatory response
substance produced by infected cells that interferes with viral replication
small molecule that binds with self proteins to produce antigenic substances
Which of the following represents lymphocytes?
Natural killer cells suppress the action of cytotoxic T cells
Helper T cells stimulate B cells to divide and differentiate
Cytotoxic T cells produce plasma cells
B cells directly attack and destroy infected cells
B cells secrete interferon
Helper T cells stimulate B cells to divide and differentiate
Which of the following describes T cells?
they originate in the thymus
they are primarily involved in humoral immunity
some are called memory cells
they become immunocompetent in the lymph nodes
they are the only lymphocyte involved in specific immunity
some are called memory cells
