Lesson 7 Flashcards
Lymphatic System
What is the role of complement in the immune response?
It is only involved in non specific immunity
It can be produced by one of three pathways; classical, alternative and antigenic
It enhances both innate and adaptive defenses
It is a chemical that circulates only when foreign invaders are present
It is released when the antibody titer reaches a minimum quantity
It enhances both innate and adaptive defenses
Which of the following are considered the first line of defense against foreign invaders?
circulating white blood cells
ability of the body to recognize non-self antigens
skin and mucosa
the relatively small blood supply to the skin
phagocytes
skin and mucosa
Which of the following describes natural killer cells?
they can kill cancer cells before the adaptive immune system is activated
they are also called cytotoxic T cells
they are cells of the specific immune system
the are a type of phagocyte
they produce antibodies
they can kill cancer cells before the adaptive immune system is activated
Which of the following represents phagocytes?
macrophages release defensins during their attack
Kupffer cells are a type of neutrophil
Respiratory burst is associated with eosinophil phagocytosis
Phagocytes cannot leave the capillaries
Neutrophils themselves may be destroyed in the phagocytic process
Neutrophils themselves may be destroyed in the phagocytic process
What is opsonization?
when chemicals released by injured tissue attract phagocytes to the injured area
when complement coats a microbe and provides binding sites for phagocytes to engulf the invader
the release of pyrogens by certain infected cells which results in fever
the release of histamine by mast cells resulting in an enhanced inflammation
the neutralization of antigens by antibodies
when complement coats a microbe and provides binding sites for phagocytes to engulf the invader
Which of the following is true of the inflammatory response?
replaces injured tissue with connective tissue
produces antibodies to fight invading microbes
prevents the spread of an infectious agent to nearby tissues
pyrogens are released to increase the body temperature
vasoconstriction reduces blood flow in order to decrease spread of infection
prevents the spread of an infectious agent to nearby tissues
What is the role of cell adhesion molecules in the inflammatory response?
They activate complement
They cause neutrophils to adhere to the injured site allowing them to squeeze through capillary walls
They engulf and destroy foreign microbes
They cause foreign microbes to lyse
They increase the blood supply in the injured area therefore increasing
the number of white blood cells available to fight the pathogen
They cause neutrophils to adhere to the injured site allowing them to squeeze through capillary walls
Which of the following are associated with inflammation?
edema is a result of excess body fluid in the area
fever
histamine release is enhanced
only lymphocytes are actively involved in the inflammatory response
it is a specific immune response
edema is a result of excess body fluid in the area
Which of the following factors determines which specific foreign substances our adaptive immune system will be able to recognize and resist?
a person’s overall health
the type of antigen presented
a person’s ability to produce memory cells
enzymes present in the circulation at the time of invasion
a person’s genes
a person’s genes
Which of the following responses would be considered a delayed hypersensitivity reaction?
anaphylaxis
cytotoxic hypersensitivity
autoimmune disease
allergic contact dermatitis
immune-complex hypersensitivity
allergic contact dermatitis
Which of the following describes antigens?
incomplete antigens are the same as “self-antigens”
only small antigens are capable of exhibiting reactivity
the largest type of antigen is called a hapten
One antigen can have different antigenic determinants and can cause more than one type of antibody to be produced
There are a limited number of antigens to which the body can respond
One antigen can have different antigenic determinants and can cause more than one type of antibody to be produced
Which of the following describes the antigen-antibody complex?
Formation of the antigen-antibody complex destroys the antigen
Antibodies only have one binding site so destruction relies on enough antibodies to bind to each antigen site
When antibodies attach to antigens, they can change shape and expose complement binding sites
Antibodies attach to antigens and cause immediate lyses of those infected
cells
Neutralization is the only mechanism in which antibodies can deactivate
the antigen
When antibodies attach to antigens, they can change shape and expose complement binding sites
What is a hapten?
small molecule that binds with self proteins to produce antigenic substances
substance normally in the circulation that becomes activated by the presence of foreign microbes
gamma globulin produced by plasma cells
substance released from most lymphocytes that enhances the inflammatory response
substance produced by infected cells that interferes with viral replication
small molecule that binds with self proteins to produce antigenic substances
Which of the following represents lymphocytes?
Natural killer cells suppress the action of cytotoxic T cells
Helper T cells stimulate B cells to divide and differentiate
Cytotoxic T cells produce plasma cells
B cells directly attack and destroy infected cells
B cells secrete interferon
Helper T cells stimulate B cells to divide and differentiate
Which of the following describes T cells?
they originate in the thymus
they are primarily involved in humoral immunity
some are called memory cells
they become immunocompetent in the lymph nodes
they are the only lymphocyte involved in specific immunity
some are called memory cells
Which of the following is the only T cell population that can directly attack and kill cells?
plasma cells
natural killer cells
helper cells
suppressor cells
cytotoxic cells
cytotoxic cells
Which of the following describes immunocompetence?
It requires exposure to an antigen
It occurs in one specific organ of the immune system
It is the ability of a cell to survive an encounter with a pathogen
It is the ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigen by binding to it
It is the ability of a cell to present fragments of antigens on their own surface
It is the ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigen by binding to it
Which of the following substances is released by macrophages and activates further T cell proliferation?
Gamma globulin
Antigens
IgM antibodies
Interleukin 1
C-reactive protein
Interleukin 1
Which of the following is associated with humoral immunity?
phagocytosis of infectious organisms
opsinization
production of antibodies to specific antigens
T lymphocytes become immunocompetent in the thymus
Cytokines released by cells enhance cell mediated immunity
production of antibodies to specific antigens
Which of the following correctly compares active and passive immunity?
passive immunity involves the process of immune memory
both active and passive humoral immunity are specific immunity that uses antibody production
a vaccination is an example of passive immunity
active immunity involves the injection of antibodies produced in another organism
passive immunity requires exposure to an antigen
both active and passive humoral immunity are specific immunity that uses antibody production
What type of immunity is expressed when a baby receives an immunization such as the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella)?
artificially acquired active immunity
artificially acquired passive immunity
naturally acquired active immunity
naturally acquired passive immunity
artificially acquired immunity that is both active and passive
artificially acquired active immunity
What classification of antibodies causes cells to release histamine and create an allergic reaction?
IgG
IgM
IgE
IgA
IgB
IgE
What kind of bond holds the heavy and light chains together in an antibody?
hydrogen bonds
dioxide bonds
ionic bonds
disulfide bonds
amino acid bonds
disulfide bonds
What substance is responsible for selecting the cell that will be cloned in the clonal selection of B cells?
lymphocyte
antibody
antigen
phagocyte
interferon
antigen
Which of the following is true of clonal selection of T cells?
occurs during fetal development
involves recognition of an antigen and an MHC protein of a body cell
only occurs upon a second exposure to the antigen
cannot occur in the presence of antigens
is the same mechanism as the clonal selection of B cells
involves recognition of an antigen and an MHC protein of a body cell
