Lesson3 Flashcards
What is the main building block in Organic matter
Carbon
What are some elements organic matter is composed of
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Phosphorus
- Nitrogen
- Sulfur
Plant residues contain 60-90 percent moisture. The remaining dry matter consists of carbon (C), oxygen, hydrogen (H) and small amounts of sulphur (S), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg).
What material is considered Organic Glue
Humus
What is a measurement of cohesion and adhesion
Consistence
What are the three states of Consistency
- Dry
- Moist
- Wet
Explain Dry Consistence in sandy loam
individual grains do not stick together
Explain Moist Consistency
soft or friable loose to firm
Why does clay influence dry soil
It increases hardness
What determines air and water flow in within a soil
Pores
What are inter- aggregate pores
Pores between aggregates
What are Intra-aggregate pores
Pores inside aggregates
What physical effects influence structure strength
1.Water
2. Shrinking
3. Swelling
4. Freezing
5. Thawing
6. Roots
7. Animals
How is soil structure formed
When soil particles become stuck together
Where are different structures found
In horizons
What are the main stabilizing agents found in horizon B
Organic material
Silicate Clay
Oxidants of Fe and Al
How is soil structure stability measured by resistance
By the aggregates resistance to destruction by water
What influences the rate of soil formation
Minerals
What influences the amounts and types of nutrient ions available to plants
Minerals
What mineral influences the bonding ability and cation exchange capacity
Silicate minerals
What material is highly charged when forming aggregates
Humus
What material contains large surface area per unit mass
Humus
What is the way in which a soil holds together and will resist deformation and rupture
Consistence
How does clay influence soil when its moist
An increase in firmness
Hard or harsh
How does clay influence soil when its wet
It increases stickiness
