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Soils OHT-108s > Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the size range of soil particles?

A

Boulders in diameter meters to clay partials less then .002 in diameter.

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2
Q

What is the size range of Sand

A

.2mm to .05mm

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3
Q

What is the size range of Silt?

A

.05mm to .002mm

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4
Q

What is the size range of Clay?

A

Less then .002mm

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5
Q

What are fine earth particle fraction size

A

Less then 2mm in size

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6
Q

What are 4 f characteristics of Fine Earth Fractions

A
  1. They are less then 2mm in size
  2. They are sand, silt, and clay
  3. They have the greatest surface area
  4. They are the most chemically and biologically active
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7
Q

What is the size range of Colloidal particles?

A

Less then .005 in diameter

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8
Q

What are Colloidal Particals

A

small solid particles that are suspended in a fluid phase

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9
Q

What are the effects of Colloidal particles

A

They are physically and chemically reactive

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10
Q

What is an example of Colloidal Particles

A

Clay

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11
Q

How soil texture described

A
  1. Size of particle
  2. Proportion of Sand, Silt, Clay
  3. USDA Soil Texture Triangle
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12
Q

How is soil Particle size measured

A
  1. Feel Method
  2. Ribbon Test
  3. Soil buoyancy test
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13
Q

What is used for a soil buoyancy test

A

Hydrometer

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14
Q

What is another name for aggregate

A

Peds

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15
Q

What are aggregates

A

Soil particles held together by stabilizing agents

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16
Q

How are aggregates described

A

By there shape size and stability

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17
Q

When does soil have structure

A

When soil particles are aggregated

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18
Q

How is soil structure characterized

A

By each horizons aggregated particles and the effort to be broken apart when handled.

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19
Q

What are 5 aggregate shapes

A
  1. Granular
  2. Blocky
  3. Prismatic
  4. Columnar
  5. Platy
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20
Q

Describe Granular Structure shape and where they can be found.

A

Horizon A, they are Spherical shaped

21
Q

Describe Blocky Structure and where its found

A

Horizon B, Cube shaped

22
Q

What is sub-angular blocky

A

Rounded corners

23
Q

What is angular blocky

A

Not rounded corners

24
Q

Describe Prismatic Structure and where it can be found

A

B horizon, longer then wide, angular edges and tops

25
Q

Describe Columnar Structure and where it can be found

A

B horizon, In columns, tops and sides are rounded

26
Q

Describe Platy Structure and where it can be found

A

Horizon E, thin and flat

27
Q

What are the 2 types of Structure-less Soil

A
  1. Massive
  2. Single Grain
28
Q

What is Massive structure

A

All particles are stuck together, no individual aggregates

29
Q

What is single Grain Structure

A

Each particle acts individually

30
Q

What are 7 causes for aggregate stay together in a structure

A

The pushing together and pulling apart due to;
1. Water
2. Shrinking
3. Swelling
4. Freezing
5.Thawing
6. Roots
7. Animals

31
Q

What is weak aggregate structure

A

Aggregate braces apart with little handling

32
Q

What is moderate aggregate structure

A

Soil can be removed from horizon in an aggregate structure

33
Q

What is strong aggregate structure

A

Aggregates no not readily fall apart when handled

34
Q

When is structure strength used

A

When describing each structure

35
Q

When is a structure a structure

A

Once particles are stuck together

36
Q

How is aggregate stability characterized

A
  1. It is the resistance of destruction by water
  2. Stabilizing agents
37
Q

What are 3 ways minerals influence soil

A
  1. The rate of soil formation
  2. The amounts and types of soil nutrients available to plants
  3. The bonding ability and cation exchange capacity
38
Q

That is definition of Cations

A

An Ion that is positively charged

39
Q

What is an ion

A

A charged atom or molecule

40
Q

What is organic matter and what 5 elements does it contain

A
  1. Any carbon based compound
  2. Contains hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus nitrogen and sulfur
41
Q

What are 4 characteristics of Humus

A
  1. Highly decomposed organic matter
  2. Organic glue
  3. Highly charged
  4. Has large surface area per unit mass
42
Q

What is consistence

A
  1. The measurement of soils cohesion and adhesion
  2. The measured resistance to deformation and rupture
43
Q

Name 3 types of consistence

A
  1. Dry
    Sandy loam: individual grains do not stick together
  2. Moist
    Loose or extremely firm depending on soil
  3. Wet
    Sticky
44
Q

Why does Clay influence the three consistence measurements of wet moist dry

A
  1. Increases the hardness of dry soil
  2. Increases firmness of moist soil
  3. Increases stickiness and plasticity of wet soil
45
Q

Describe Pores in soil

A
  1. Air and water flow within
  2. Comes in all sizes and shapes
46
Q

What is the difference between Intra and Inter aggregate pores

A
  1. Intra- larger pores around aggregate, carry more water
  2. Inter- pores inside of aggregate
47
Q

What is Vesicular when associated with pores

A

Do not transmit water or air

48
Q

What are macropores

A

Large pores that drain quicker

49
Q

What are Micropores

A

Smaller pores

Soils OHT-108s (4 decks)

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