lesson plan 11-12 Flashcards
what is kinesiology?
science of movement
what is biomechanics?
the application of mechanics to the living human body
which of the following describes ‘linear motion’?
- object progresses in a straight line with moving parts in the same direction
- rotational motion on a central axis
- object progresses in a straight line with moving parts in the same direction
define longitudinal muscle fiber alignment
fibres run parallel blending together with the tendon. they don’t generate much tension and make up most upper body extremities
what are example of longitudinal fibres?
( muscles and types )
parellel / fusiform
rhomboids / digastric / sternohyoid are some examples
what are the type of penniform fibres?
unipennate (extensor digitorum longus)
bipennate (rectus femoris)
multipennate (deltoid)
what is the major contributor to a particular movement, other muscles would be secondary agonist or assistant movers?
prime mover (agonist)
what is the action opposite to the agonist that does not mean that they are exerting tension when the agonist contracts?
antagonist movement
what is the voluntary fixation on isometric contraction of opposing muscle groups to ‘fix’ a joint in a position.
fixators
do fixators decrease circulation which slows healing and attempt to protect the injuries area or muscle by fixing its position?
yes
what is the two muscles which act together to produce a movement which neither could produce alone?
example: dorsiflexion by tib. anterior and extensor digitorum longs.
conjoint synergist
what is neutralizing / counteracting synergists?
when a muscle crosses more then one joint it may produce a desirable movement at one joint but often produces an undesirable movement at other joints it crosses.
what is the stabilizing of Proximal joints to help distal segments move effectively?
stabilizing synergist
what is the CONTRACTION of a muscle that is insufficient due to limitations of muscle length?
active insufficiency
what is the RANGE of motion insufficient due to limitations of muscle length?
passive insufficiency
which class lever is most common?
3
what is the fulcrum?
fixed point or joint
are fast levers stronger or weaker?
weaker then slow levers
what is the middle force in first class levers?
fulcrum
what is the middle force in second class levers?
load
what is the third class middle force?
effort or force
what is a pair of scissor an example of? (lever)
first class lever
what is a hockey stick an example of? (lever)
third class lever
what is a wheel barrow an example of? (lever)
second class lever
give an example of a body lever for each class
first class:
gastrocs at the ankle
no second class
third class:
bicep curls
what is the law of the body remaining at rest or in a state of uniform motion in a straight line until acted upon by an unbalanced or outside force?
newtons first law of inertia
what is inertia?
property of matter that causes it to resist any change of motion in either speed or direction
what is newtons second law of acceleration?
the acceleration of a body is proportional to the force imparted to it and inversely proportional to its mass
force/mass
what is moment arm?
distance between the perpendicular line of force application to the axis of the lever
what is resistance arm?
distance between the perpendicular of the line of resistance application to the axis of the lever
when pushing a heavy box and the object pushes against the person or pulls down with equal force in opposite direction is an example of what newton law?
action reaction 3rd law
a soccer ball is at the top of a field with no movement. a player kicks it towards the other side. what Law is this an example of?
inertia law one
hitting a golf ball with a weight of 12lbs is an example of what law?
acceleration law two
hitting the ball is force, the weight is the mass
muscles around the scapula stabilize allowing to act as a stable base while the muscles move the glenohumeral joint is an example of what?
stabilizing synergist
normally finger flexion used when gripping results in unwanted wrist flexion which must be counteracted by wrist extensors to neutralize this undesirable movement is an example of what?
neutralizing or counteraction synergist
