Lesson B - Jesus Christ as the Good Teacher Flashcards
Certain currents of thought have gone so far as to exalt freedom to such an extent that it becomes an _______, which would then be the source of ______.
absolute; values
A radically subjectivistic conception of moral judgment or individualist ethic is:
where the individual conscience is accorded the status of a supreme ___________ which hands down ______ and ______ decisions
tribunal of moral judgment; categorical and infallible
A number of disciplines, grouped under the name behavioral sciences, have rightly drawn attention to many kinds of psychological and social conditionings which influence the exercise of _______.
Freedom
Some theories, using scientific research about the human person argue from a great variety of ______ , ___________, and________ present in humanity, end up with an outright denial of universal human values, with a relativistic conception of morality
customs
behavior patterns
institutions
ALTERNATIVE ETHICAL SYSTEMS
- Eudaemonism and Utilitarianism
- Ethics of self-perfection, self-actualization or self-realization
- Ethics for its own sake, with an emphasis on moral duty
- Relativism, Emotivism, Subjectivism
- Social Darwinism
describes that:
pleasure and happiness in this world is the only good;
pain and sorrow the real evil
The aim is to maximize personal gratification and happiness, through pleasure, comfort and good material living standards.
Eudaemonism
John Stuart Mill and Jeremey Bentham advocated the greatest happiness of the greatest number. Every action is judged in relation to this end
What Alternative Ethical System?
Utilitarianism
emphasizes the quality of the good achieved in the end
who is it? starts with J
John Stuart Mill
emphasizes the quantity of those who will benefit from the achieved good.
J.B
Jeremy Bentham
The ultimate purpose of human life is to realize one’s true self and authentic personality
verges on individualism, tending to devalue the world and others, while emphasizing one’s own development
What ethical system?
Man’s purpose is to grow, having as many wonderful experiences as possible.
Under Ethical System #2
Ethics of self-perfection, self-actualization or self-realization
Under Ethical System #2
– Superman and his will to power
– it is man’s internal drive for greatness and creativity
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
Under Ethical System #2
_______ is the term used by M______H_____ to refer to being which understands its own being.
it is a conscious being, and is the kind of consciousness which belongs to human beings
Da-sein; MARTIN HEIDEGGER
Under Ethical System #2
- Das Nichts
- Geworfenheit
- Das Gerede
- Uneigentlichkeit
- Eigentlichkeit
What are these called?
Authentic Human Existence
Confront Nothingness
Das Nichts
Overcome thrownness
Geworfenheit
Break away with the Chatter
Das Gerede
Break away with Inauthenticity
Uneigentlichkeit
Achieve authenticity
Eigentlichkeit
Ethical System #3
Ethics for its own sake, with an emphasis on moral duty
“An act must be done from obligation in order to have moral worth”
“An action’s moral value is due to the maxim from which it is performed, rather than to its success in realizing some desired end or purpose.”
“Obligation is the necessity of an action performed from respect for law.”
Principles of ?
Principles of Kantian Ethics
Ethical System #4
Relativism, Emotivism, Subjectivism
It denies the existence of a universal human nature and universal moral norms, binding on all persons at all times.
Even where a particular moral stance is considered valid in the majority of cases, “conscience” or feelings may permit exceptions to the “norm”.
RELATIVISM
it is the doctrine that all evaluative judgements and more specifically all moral judgements are nothing but expressions of preference, expressions of attitude or feeling, insofar as they are moral or evaluative in character.
EMOTIVISM
it holds that moral judgements are equivalent to statements about the psychological states or attitudes of those who utter them.
SUBJECTIVISM
