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Theology 1 > Lesson 2: The Moral Good of Human Acts > Flashcards

Lesson 2: The Moral Good of Human Acts Flashcards

1
Q
  • Moral values help in improving behavior, instilling respect and enhancing relationships with others.
  • Knowing what is right or wrong is an important element in life that shapes the character on an individual.
  • Good moral values allows a person to make the right decisions and improve their interactions with other people.
A

Ethical Framework

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2
Q

He maintains that any account on how to be ethical and virtuous will be inexact, but he does give us something to go by which is known as the doctrine of the mean. This is the idea that any virtue will, “be ruined by excess or deficiency

who is he? starts with A

A

Aristotle’s Doctrine of the Mean

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3
Q

Virtues in medio stat

A

Virtue lies in the middle

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4
Q

an ethical person may be emobodied in his concept if the ____

his theory was that a man could become a ____ througg education and by practicing certain values

A

Confucious’ “Chun Tzu”

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5
Q

He emphasized the 5 virtues namely:

A

Jen (benelvolence)
Li (propriety)
Yi (righteousness)
Chich (wisdom)
Hsin (sincerity)

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6
Q

Jen

A

benevolence

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7
Q

Li

A

Propriety

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8
Q

Yi

A

righteosness

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9
Q

Chih

A

wisdom

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10
Q

hsin

A

sincerity

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11
Q

Most important virtue in Confucianism

A

Jen/Ren

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12
Q

It is the vital factor bc Gentleman would be worthless without _____

A

Jen

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13
Q

It is a comprehensive ethical virtue

A

Jen (Benevolence)

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14
Q

If one practices Jen, there will be no bad side of him

A

true

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15
Q

____ manifests itself in the inner mind and the compassion towards other people

A

Jen

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16
Q

Confucious defined humaneness in different ways to different people:

A

Ran Rong
Yan Yuan
Fan Chi

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17
Q

To Ran Rong, it was ____________ (The Golden Rule)

A

do unto others as if doing onto yourself

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18
Q

To Yan Yuan he emphasized ____, (Ancestral Worship and FIlial Piety

A

Rituals

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19
Q

To Fan Chi it was ______ (Reciprocity, Faithfulness, Altruism)

A

love

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20
Q

Goal — Good Life

A

Way —> Chun Tzu —> Education
- Virtues, Ancestral Worship, Filial Peity, Reciprocity

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21
Q

Human act which proceeds from the DELIBERATE FREE will of man

A

HUMAN ACTS
(Actus Humanus)

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22
Q

It is an act that is proper to man as man

A

HUMAN ACTS
(Actus Humanus)

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23
Q

The HUMAN ACT (actus humanus) is an act of which man is master, one that is consciously controlled and deliberately willed, so that the man who performs it is responsible for it

A

True

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24
Q

HUMAN ACT are to be distinguished from acts of man (actus hominis).

A
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25
Q

Acts that are NOT DELIBERATE AND FREE
include man’s animal acts of sensation and appetition

A

ACTS OF MAN

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26
Q

Man performs but he is not the Master of it for he has not consiously controlled it

A

ACTS OF MAN

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27
Q

Hea has not deliberately willed it, and is subsequently not responsible for it

A

ACTS OF MAN

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28
Q

The natural acts of vegetative and sense faculties

Acts of persons who lack the use of reason

Acts of people who are asleep or under the in influence of hypnosis, or other drugs

Quick, nearly automatic reactions, called primo-primi acts

what kind of Act is this?

A

ACTS OF MAN

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29
Q

2 Classification of Human Acts

A

Complete or Adequte Cause of Human Acts

Relation to the Dictates of Reason

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30
Q

Complete or Adequate Cause of Human Acts

— acts prefected in the will itself
— the rest begin anf perfected by other faculties under control of the will

What is this called?

A

Elicited Acts

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31
Q

Complete or Adequate Cause of Human Acts

  • humans acts do not finde their adequte cause in the simple will-act
  • but are perfected by the action of mental or bodily powers under the control or orders of and from the will

what is thi scalled?

A

Commandment Acts

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32
Q

There are 6 under Elicited Acts

A

Wish
Intention
Consent
ELection
Use
Fruition

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33
Q

The simple love of anything
the first tendency of the will towards a thing
whether this thing be realizable or not

A

Wish

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34
Q

Pusposive tendency of the will towards a thing regarded as realizable, whether this things is actually done or not

A

Intention

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35
Q

Intention is distinguished as _____, ______, _______ , _____ intention.

A

Actual
Virtual
Habitual
Interpretative

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36
Q

Intention that a person freely makes to perform a given action

influences him at the time he is doing the action

A

Actual Intention

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37
Q

Intention that was once made and continous to influence

Not present to the peron;s consciousness at the moment of performing the act

It is sufficient for a human act to be voluntary and therefore morally responsible

A

Virtual Intention

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38
Q

a person has previously intended to do something and has not retracted his intention

the act he now performs is not done in virtue of that intention

a decision of the will to attain a given end, but the decision does not influence a particular act

A

Habitual Intention

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39
Q

An Intention that has not been made but presumably would have been made if the person had been aware of the circusmatances

A

Interpretative Intention

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40
Q

It is an Elicited Act
The acceptance by the will of means necessary to carry out intention

A

COnsent

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41
Q

The selection by the will of the precise means to be employed in carrying out an intention

A

ELection

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42
Q

The employment by the will of powers (of body, mind, or both) to carry out its intention by the means elected

A

USE

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43
Q

The enjoyment of a thing willed and done; the will’s act of satisfaction in intention fulfilled

A

Fruition

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44
Q

3 Under Commanded Acts

A

Internal
External
Mixed

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45
Q

It is the acts done by internal mental powers under command of will

ex. efforts to remember, consoius reasoning, effort to control anger, deliberate use of the imagination in visualizing a scene

A

Internal

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46
Q

It is an act affected by bodily powers under command of will

ex. Deliberate walking, eating, writing, speaking

A

External

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47
Q

It is an acts that involved the employment of bodily powers and metal powers

ex. study which involves use of intellect, and use of eyes in reading the lesson

A

Mixed

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48
Q

The Relation of Human Acts to Reason
- Human acts are eitiher in agreement or in disagreement with the dictates of reson, and this relation with reason constitutes their morality

A

Good
Evil
Indifferent

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49
Q

When they are in harmony with the dictates of RIGHT REASON

A

The Relation of Human Acts to Reason:
GOOD

50
Q

When they are in opposition of these dicated

A

The Relation of Human Acts to Reason:
EVIL

51
Q

When they stand in no positive relation to the dictated of reason

A human act is indifferent in itself becomes good or evil acc. to the circumstances which affect performance, especially the end in view of the agent

A

The Relation of Human Acts to Reason:
INDIFFERENT

52
Q

Constituents of the Human Act
— In order ofr an act to be a human act it must possess 3 essential elements or constituents

A

Knowledge
Freedom
Voluntariness

53
Q

No human act is possible without ______. The will itself is a blind faculty that cannot act unless enlightened by the intellect

A

Knowledge

54
Q

deliberation here not meaning a slow and painstaking effort, but rather, _______ or ______ in the mind of what one is about and what this means.

Thus an action can happen in a split second and still be a deliberate human act.

A

advertence, or knowledge

55
Q

In ethics, deliberation means knowledge.

A human act is by definition a DELIBERATE ACT, that is, a ___________.

A

Knowing Act.

56
Q

Human act that is determined (elicited or commanded) by th ehuman will and by nothing else.

Act controlled by the will

Act that will, can or refuse to perform

A

Freedom

therefore, every human act must be free; freedom is ans essential element of it

57
Q

Human acts are voluntary acts, that is, they are will-acts.

It must not only be guided by knowledge or deliberation but must also be WILLED.

An Act that is not forced upon a person

A

Voluntariness

58
Q

the agent must know not merely the circumstances of the act, but also the end to which it leads

The agent knows what hes is about to do, and WILLS to do

A

ex. He sees a injured woman, he is aware to aid, he is free to help or run away. In the end, he wills to do his duty

59
Q

4 Kinds of Voluntariness

A

Perfect and Imperfect
SImple and Conditional
Direct and Indirect
Postive and Negative

60
Q

present in the human act when the agent fully knows and fully intends the act

A

Perfect

61
Q

present when there is some defect in the agent’s knowledge, intention, or in both

A

Imperfect

62
Q

present in a human act performed, whether the agent likes or dislikes doing it

A

Simple

63
Q

present in the agent’s wihs to do something other than that which he is actually doing, but doing with repugnance or dislike

parang napipilitan lang

A

Conditional

64
Q

present in the human act willed in itself
Voluntary in se

A

Direct

65
Q

present in that human act which is the seen result of another act directly willed

A

Indirect

66
Q

present in a human act of doing, performing

A

Positive

67
Q

present in a human act of omitting, refraining from doing

A

Negative

68
Q

Determinants of Morality

The morality of human acts depends on 3 elements that make up the sources orc constitutive elements of the morailty of human acts:

what are those?

A

The object of the Act (Finis Operis)
Intention (Finis Operantis)
Circumstances

69
Q

It is the matter of a human act

It morally specifies the act of the will, and judges it to be or not to be in conformity with the true good

Objective norms of morality express the rational order of good and evil, attested to by conscience

A

Object

70
Q

In contrast to the obejct, this resides in the ACTING subject.

It lies at the voluntary source of an action and determines it by its end

It is an element essential to the moral evaluation of an action

A

Intention

71
Q

The end is the first goal of the intention and indicates the purpose pursued in the action

The intention is a movement of the will toward the end:

A

It is concerned with the goal of the activity

It aims at the good anticipated from the action undertaken

72
Q

it is not limited to directing individual actions, but can guide several actions toward one and the same purpose;

it can orient one’s whole life toward its ultimate end

A

Intentions

73
Q

It is the secondary elements of moral act

A

Circumstances and Consequences

74
Q

Contributes to increasing our diminishing the moral goodness or evil of human acts

A

Circumstances

75
Q

______ can diminish or increase the agent’s responsibility

A

Circumsatnces

76
Q

It cannot change the moral quality of acts themselves

they can make neither good nor right an action that is in evil itself

A

Circumstances

77
Q

Circumstances:
Person (Who?)

A

Includes the othe rperson involved in the decision

78
Q

Circumstances:
Quantity or Quality (What?)

A

What is the human situation of this moral reality?

79
Q

Circumstances:
Place (?)
Time (?)

A

Where
When

80
Q

Circumstances:
End (Why)

A

is the critical question of motivation of motivation that sends us back to clarify our values

81
Q

Circumstances:
Means (?)

A

By what means

82
Q

Circumstances:
Matter (?)

A

How

83
Q

REMEMBER:

To be morally good, all the constitutive elements:
- the object
- the end or intention
- the circumstances

must be? good or bad?

A

good ofc duh

84
Q

There are acts which, in and of themselves, independently of circumstances and intentions, are always gravely illicit by reason of their object; such as ______ and _____, _______ and ________.

A

blasphemy and prejury
murder and adultery

85
Q

The Principle of Double-effect

A

The act itself must be good and morally NEUTRAL

The GOOD effect must COME FIRST before the bad effect or SIMULTANEOUSLY

The good effect must be EQUAL or GREATER than the bad effect

The Intention must be good FROM THE START

86
Q

By this, we mean the things that affect human acts in the essential qualities of knowledge, freedom, volutariness, and so make them less perfectly human

A

Modifiers of Human Acts

87
Q

Modifiers of Human Acts

A

Ignorance
Concupiscence
Fear
Violence
Habit

88
Q

it is the absence of knowledge

defined in Ethics as the ABSENCE of intellectual knowledge in man

A

Ignorance

89
Q

Negation of knowledge

i think type of ignorance?

A

Negative Thing

90
Q

Absence of knowledge that ought to be present
so it’s not merely negative but ______.

i think type of ignorance?

A

Privative

91
Q

Has a positive aspect when it consists not merely in the absence of knowledge, but in the presence of what is falsely supposed to be knowledge

Such positive ignorance is called ______ or ______.

A

Mistake or error

92
Q

Consideration in Ignorance

A

In its Object
In its Subject
In its Result

93
Q

The thing of which a person may be ignorant

A

Its Object

94
Q

The person in whom ognorance exists

A

Its Subject

95
Q

Reference to the acts that are performed in ignorance

A

Its Result

96
Q

3 Ignorance in its Object

A

Ignorance of Law
Ignorance of Fact
Ignorance of Penalty

97
Q

Ignorance of the existence of a duty, rule, or regulation.

What ignorance?

A

Ignorance of Law

98
Q

Ignorance of the nature or circumstance of an act as forbidden

What ignorance?

A

Ignorance of Fact

99
Q

Lack of knowledge of the precise sanction affixed to the law

What ignorance?

A

Ignorance of Penalty

100
Q

3 Ignorance in its SUBJECT

A

Vincible Ignorance
Invicible Ignorance

101
Q

ignorance that should be supplanted by knowledge

can be dispelled by th use of ordinary diligence

due to lack of proper diligence on the part of the ignorant person

It is in consequence, CULPABLE IGNORANCE

A

Vincible Ignorance

102
Q

Ignorance that ordinary and proper diligence cannot dispel

Attributable to one or two causes:
- either th person in whom the ignorance exists has no realizaation whatever of his lack of knowledge
- or the person who relaized his ignorance ffinds ineffective his effort to dispel it

called INCULPABLE IGNORANCE

A

Invicible Ignorance

103
Q

3 Degrees of Vincible Ignorance

A
  • Crass or Supine
  • Simply VIncible
  • Affected
104
Q

result of total or nearly total lack of effort to dispel it

A

Crass or Supine Degree

105
Q

if some effort worthy the name, but not persevering and whole hearted effort, be unsuccessfully employed to dispel it

A

Simply Vincible Degree

106
Q

If positive effort is made to retain it

A

Affected Degree

107
Q

Degrees of Invincible Ignorance

A
  • Physically Invicible
  • Morally Invincible
108
Q

If no human effort can dispel it

A

Physically Invincible

109
Q

If such effort as good and prudent men would expend to dispel it taking into account the character and importance of the matter about which ignorance exists is found to be ineffective

A

Morally Invincible

110
Q

3 under Ignorance in its Result

A
  • Antecedent Ignorance
  • Concomitant Ignorance
  • Consequent Ignorance
111
Q

That which proceeds all consent of the will. It does not differ from invincible ignorance.

A

Antecedent Ignorance

112
Q

Ignorance that accompanies an act that would have been performed even if the ignorance did not exist.

A

Concomitant Ignorance

113
Q

follows an act of the will. The will may directly affect it or supinely neglect to dispel it. It does not differ from vincible ignorance.

A

Consequent Ignorance

114
Q
  • It arises from deficient education, bad company or misleading information
  • One is not responsible for the consequences of error made in good faith.
A

Error, False Judgment or Conviction

115
Q

Starts with C

  • The term is often used to signify the frailty, or proneness to evil, which is consequent in human nature upon original sin. However, in Ethics, it refers to those bodily appetites or tendencies which are called the passions
  • Movement of the sensitive appetite that precedes the free decision of the will.
  • Movement of the sensitive appetite which is moved by the good or evil apprehended by imagination
A

Concupiscence

116
Q

when they spring into action unstimulated by any act of the will.

A

A

Antecedent

117
Q

when the will directly or indirectly stirs them up or fosters them.

A

consequent

118
Q

2 Divisions of Passions

A
  • Concupiscible
  • Irascible
119
Q

Passion through which the soul is simply inclined to seek what is suitable according to the senses and to fly away from what is hurtful.

C

A

Concupiscible

120
Q

Its object is something arduous because its tendency is to overcome and rise above obstacles.

I

A

Irascible

121
Q

3 Attraction Toward object (Good Object)

Concupiscible

A
  • Love
  • Joy
  • Desire
122
Q

3 Attraction Toward object (Bad Object)

Concupiscible

A
  • Hatred
  • Sadness
  • Aversion

Theology 1 (12 decks)

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