Lesson 9: Muscular Disorders Flashcards
Which of the following are examples of eccentric contractions: a) Lowering your arms to your side b) Raising your leg off the ground c) Bending over d) Standing up on your toes e) Landing on the floor after jumping off a step.
a) Lowering your arms to your side - Eccentric (deltoids, supraspinatus) b) Raising your leg off the ground - Concentric (iliopsoas, rectus femoris) c) Bending over - Eccentric (depending on how you bend over… Back extensors, glute max, quads) d) Standing up on your toes - Concentric (calves) e) Landing on the floor after jumping off a step - Eccentric (glute max, quads, calves)
What is the altered neuromuscular control theory?
A theory used to explain cramps, when the signal from the Golgi tendon organ is inhibited so the muscle cannot relax.
A completely torn Achilles tendon is an example of what injury?
A grade 3 Strain.
Describe the etiology, signs and symptoms and pathophysiology of Fibromyalgia.
No etiology. Signs and symptoms are at least 11 of 18 specific tender points and must be in all four body quadrants. Fibro fog, insomnia, fatigue. Pathophysiological changes may be imbalanced serotonin levels.
Describe the etiology, signs and symptoms and pathophysiology of Muscular dystrophy.
Etiology is caused by defects in muscle proteins, especially dystrophin. Signs and symptoms are progressive atrophy, movement is impaired, pseudo hypertrophy, respiratory difficulty, droopy eyelids and may be systemic eg. cardiomyopathy. Pathophysiology is through muscle biopsy which shows increased creatine kinase, emg or DNA analysis.
Describe the etiology, signs and symptoms and pathophysiology of Cerebral palsy.
Damage to the motor control regions of the brain while they’re developing. Abnormal muscle tone, reflexes, motor development and coordination. Unsteady gait, balance problems, atrophy, speech disorders are all signs and symptoms. Diagnosis is from patient history, CT and MRI can show damage done and maybe when it was done.
What is the most common form of muscular dystrophy in a) adults and b) children?
a) adults - Myotonic b) children - Duchenne
Which muscles Abduct and medially rotate the hip?
Glute medius and minimus
Which muscles Flex the hip and extends the knee?
Recuts femoris
Which muscles Abducts and medially rotates the shoulder?
Anterior deltoid
Which muscles Flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm?
biceps brachii
Which muscles Plantar flexes the ankle and flexes the knee?
gastrocnemius
Which muscles Extends and medially rotates the shoulder?
lats and teres major
Complete a movement analysis for the following exercise - only do the landing and not the jumping off. Assume she lands on her toes:
Joint
Action
Primary Mover/s
Antagonist
Contraction Type
Plane of motion
Joint
Action
Primary Mover/s
Antagonist
Contraction Type
Plane of motion
Trunk
None
Core especially trunk extensors
Not relevant
Isometric
Not relevant
Hips
Flexion
Glute Max
iliopsoas, rectus femoris
Eccentric
Sagittal
Knees
Flexion
Quads
Hamstrings
Eccentric
Sagittal
Ankle
Dorsiflexion
Calves
Anterior tibialis
Eccentric
Sagittal
