Lesson 8: Joint Disorders Flashcards
What is the most common form of arthritis?
Osteoarthritis.
What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?
Symptoms are subjective - something experienced by the patient. E.g. fatigue, tiredness, stomach-ache, sore ankle A sign is generally objective - can be measured or recognised by a doctor. E.g. Heart rate, blood pressure, cysts, ulcers Something like a rash can be both if the patient and doctor both see it.
What is the difference between a syndrome and a disease?
A syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms that can be used to identify the syndrome. Though there is no known etiology. A disease will generally have a known etiology, a group of known signs and symptoms and consistent anatomical alterations or changes.
What are the differences between the Aetiology of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis?
Rh Arth - Autoimmune disease. Not certain of cause, however genetics and smoking seem to play a role. Osteo – Wear and tear of the joint . So activities that heavily stress joints e.g. high impact sports, repetitive labouring jobs etc often lead to osteoarthritis. Also macro trauma, certain drugs, obesity.
What are the differences between the Pathophysiology of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis?
Rh Art – Affects symmetrically and scans may show rheumatoid nodules. The antibodies rheumatoid factor and anti-CPP often present in blood. Is a systemic disease – so damage to the heart, nerves, lungs are also often present. Synovial membrane is often thick and swollen. Osteo Arth – Scans show damage to the joint cartilage. Damage also to the tissue surrounding the actual joint e.g. bone, capsule, tendons.
What are the differences between the Signs and symptoms of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis?
Rh Arth – symmetrical joint pain and stiffness often in the joints of the hands and feet. General fatigue, fevers. Often epsiodal. Osteo – Painful joints, normally non- symmetrical and weight bearing such as the knee, hip and spine. Presence of osteophytes.
What are the differences between the Diagnosis of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis?
Rh Arth – Blood test for RF and anti-CPPP, client history, presence of rheumatoid nodules. Osteo – Patient history. Scan may show narrowing of joint space and osteophytes. Pain in weight-bearing joints. Grating or crunching sounds when moving the joint (crepitus).
What is the first aid treatment for a sprain? Explain each of the stages.
- Protection – stop the activity that caused the pain.
- Rest – in initial phase of healing, rest allows recovery. When possible, start to mobilise the joint to ensure a fully functional recovery.
- Ice – Ice will reduce the swelling and therefore the pain. Apply as soon as possible for 15 mins at a time and allow the skin to heat back up between applications.
- Compression – will also help reduce swelling and pain and also help to immobilise the joint.
- Elevation – keep the joint elevated to help reduce swelling.
What is a common cause for pain felt at the front of the shoulder, especially when pushing downwards (shoulder extension) when the arm is overhead and internally.
Bursitis – in this position the subacromial arch is narrowed and the bursa may be pinched.
What is the aetiology for Gout and how does this occur?
Urate crystals accumulating in your joints. Risk factors include genetics, excessive alcohol, high blood pressure, diuretics, male. Though postmenopausal women also at risk.
Complete the movement analysis table for the upward/downward phase in a lunge.
Downwards – for lead leg
Joint
Action
Primary Mover/s
Antagonist
Contraction Type
Plane of motion
Joint
Action
Primary Mover/s
Antagonist
Contraction Type
Plane of motion
Hip
Flexion
Glute Max (and also hamstrings
iliopsoas
Eccentric
Sagittal
Knee
Flexion
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Eccentric
Sagittal
Complete the movement analysis table for the upward/downward phase in a lunge.
Upwards – pushing off on the front leg.
Joint
Action
Primary Mover/s
Antagonist
Contraction Type
Plane of motion
Joint
Action
Primary Mover/s
Antagonist
Contraction Type
Plane of motion
Hip
Extension
Glute Max (and also hamstrings
iliopsoas
Concentric
Sagittal
Knee
Extension
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Concentric
Sagittal
What muscles become more prominent when I take a longer step forwards in a lunge?
The hamstrings and glute max will contribute more force and the quads less. So to work those butt muscles – step out long.
